- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT00000153
Krypton-Argon Regression of Neovascularization Study (KARNS)
To evaluate whether red krypton laser treatment is as effective at causing regression of diabetic disc neovascularization as treatment with the blue-green argon laser, when both lasers are used with identical panretinal photocoagulation patterns.
To assess the vision of study patients.
To test the feasibility of a prototype NEI-sponsored multicenter clinical trial in which participating clinics are not financially reimbursed and in which both the Coordinating and Fundus Photograph Reading Center functions are carried out by staff of the NEI Biometry and Epidemiology Program.
Study Overview
Status
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
The KARNS was a randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effectiveness of argon and krypton laser photocoagulation in causing the regression of preexisting neovascularization on the disc (NVD) in diabetic retinopathy. The main theoretical advantage for the krypton laser in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy is that the red laser beam penetrates blood and may be more effective in making burns in the pigment epithelium in eyes with vitreous hemorrhage.
The burns produced by the krypton laser in the retina are different from those produced by the argon laser. Specifically, the burns from the krypton laser do not involve the inner retina. Also, the krypton laser spares the nerve fiber layer near the macula. In contrast, nerve fiber layer burns are common with the argon laser. Pigment epithelium and outer segments are usually destroyed by both krypton and argon photocoagulation, but there is no uptake of energy by the vascular tissues within the retina when krypton photocoagulation is used. Further, krypton treatment is more effective in penetrating nuclear sclerosis of the lens and can be used to treat some diabetic eyes with this condition that cannot be treated with the argon laser.
In the KARNS, patients with diabetic retinopathy and NVD of one-third disc area or greater in extent were assigned at random to either argon or krypton laser scatter photocoagulation (panretinal photocoagulation). The null hypothesis was that each treatment would result in a similar proportion of eyes having regression of the NVD by 3 months. The KARNS pilot study affirmed the benefits of argon laser photocoagulation in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, as demonstrated in the NEI-supported Diabetic Retinopathy Study conducted a decade ago. (See publication list.) The KARNS study sought to determine whether use of the krypton laser could be as effective as the argon laser in causing regression of diabetic neovascularization, but with fewer side effects (such as smaller loss of central visual acuity).
Thirty-two nationwide clinical centers participated initially in this multicenter clinical trial. Following the initial study examination, the baseline examination and fundus photographs were obtained within 1 week before application of photocoagulation. Study followup visits occurred at 3 months and 1 year after entry in the study. Additional visits were scheduled as clinically necessary.
The specific techniques for photocoagulation were similar for both argon and krypton scatter photocoagulation. Scatter (panretinal) photocoagulation consisted of 1,600 to 2,000 burns placed 0.5 to 1 burn width apart. Burns of moderate intensity (whiteness) and 500 ??m in size at the retina were required. The burns were applied to the retinal periphery no closer than 2 disc diameters from the center of the fovea and 500 ??m from the margin of the optic disc.
In December 1985, the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study groups reported that focal photocoagulation was effective in reducing the rates of moderate visual loss in patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema. The KARNS protocol was then changed to allow focal treatment for clinically significant macular edema in all study participants and to allow an eye that had previous focal photocoagulation for macular edema to become eligible for study.
The study primary end point was regression of NVD, as assessed on the 3-month visit stereo fundus photographs of the disc, to less than one-third disc area in extent. Secondary end points included change in extent of NVD, change in visual acuity after photocoagulation, development of fibrous tissue proliferation, and change or development of macular traction lines.
Study Type
Phase
- Phase 3
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Ferris FL; Ferris FL; Ferris FL; Singerman LJ; Inexpensive collaborative research., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24 (suppl) 1983
- Davis MD; Singerman LJ; Ferris FL III; Passloff RW; Red krypton laser (RKL) versus blue-green argon laser (BGAL) treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with neovascularization of the disc (NVD)., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24 (suppl) 1983
- Randomized comparison of krypton versus argon scatter photocoagulation for diabetic disc neovascularization. The Krypton Argon Regression Neovascularization Study report number 1. Ophthalmology. 1993 Nov;100(11):1655-64. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31421-1.
- Mancia G, Schumacher H, Bohm M, Redon J, Schmieder RE, Verdecchia P, Sleight P, Teo K, Yusuf S. Relative and Combined Prognostic Importance of On-Treatment Mean and Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability in ONTARGET and TRANSCEND Patients. Hypertension. 2017 Nov;70(5):938-948. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09714. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- NEI-55
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