Fluconazole Prophylaxis of Thrush in AIDS

March 3, 2008 updated by: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
This is a placebo-controlled trial of intermittent fluconazole prophylaxis (200 mg orally three times a week) in the prevention of thrush.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) occurs in up to 93% of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at some time during the course of their illness. OPC usually responds well to initial antifungal therapy, but with increasing immunodeficiency it usually recurs and can become resistant to clinical and microbiologic cure. Therapy usually begins with topical agents, followed by systemic therapy with azole antifungals when those fail. Amphotericin B is also used, but is less well tolerated and usually only effective in parenteral form. Because of its bioavailability and efficacy, fluconazole has become the most commonly used agent in treating OPC. Recurrences have often led to frequent re-treatment or prophylactic therapy with fluconazole. Daily prophylaxis with fluconazole (200 mg) has been shown to decrease the incidence of OPC. With the widespread and prolonged use of fluconazole reports of clinical failures and yeasts with decreased susceptibilities have appeared. This resistance appears to be associated with advanced immunosuppression and azole exposure. The most effective regimen to decrease relapse and morbidity from OPC which minimizes development of resistance has not been established. Could less frequent and/or lower dose prophylaxis with fluconazole decrease the incidence of recurrences while slowing the development of drug resistance?

We plan to perform a two phase study of low-dose fluconazole prophylaxis in HIV infected patients with a history of OPC. Patients with advanced immunosuppression (CD4 less than or equal to 150 cell/mm3) who have not received prior fluconazole prophylaxis will be included. Phase 1 of the study will be a placebo-controlled trial of fluconazole at a dose of 200 mg three times weekly. Phase 1 will examine whether this low-dose prophylaxis can delay recurrence of OPC. Phase 2 of the study will be an open-label prophylaxis with fluconazole at first 200mg thrice weekly, then 200mg daily as patients develop recurrent OPC. In this phase the primary question to be answered will be whether subjects starting in the placebo arm of Phase 1 will progress more or less rapidly to clinical fluconazole failure compared to those starting in the fluconazole arm. We will learn more about the natural history of fluconazole resistance, including how gradually the change occurs, how much fluconazole the patient has received at the time resistance develops and whether the resistance occurs in the patient's own isolate or from acquisition of a new isolate. Other evaluations will include compliance, cost, and host and organism-associated factors. If thrice weekly fluconazole prophylaxis can increase the time to development of resistance and decrease episodes of OPC in this group of severely immunocompromised individuals, it would increase the effective use (to include cost-effective use) of fluconazole in the treatment of OPC.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment

80

Phase

  • Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Maryland
      • Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
        • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

HIV infection previously documented by ELISA test kit and confirmed by either Western Blot, HIV antigen, HIV culture, or a second antibody test other than ELISA.

Age 18 years or older.

CD4 count of less than or equal to 150 cells/mm(3).

At least one prior episode of health care provider diagnosed oropharyngeal candidiasis in the 6 months preceding enrollment.

No allergy or intolerance to azoles.

Less than 3 episodes of oropharyngeal candidiasis within the last 3 months.

No history of esophageal candidiasis.

No presence of systemic fungal infection requiring continuous antifungal therapy.

No use of continuous azole treatment (i.e. daily, weekly, every other day, twice weekly fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole or coltrimazole) for the prevention of fungal infections greater than or equal to 1 month within the past 6 months.

No severe liver disease (ALT or AST greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal).

No history of poorly responsive mucosal infection (i.e., requiring more than 200 mg of fluconazole daily or more than 14 days of therapy).

Females may not be pregnant or lactating. Must have a negative pregnancy test within 2 weeks of enrollment.

No one unlikely to survive more than 6 months.

Must have ability to tolerate oral medications.

No presence of active mucosal infection or symptoms of OPC/EC at time of initial assessment. (Note: Can enroll 2 weeks after resolution of the active episode).

No patients currently being treated with azole for recent mucosal infection. (Note: These patients can enroll 2 weeks after the completion of azole therapy.)

No presence of severe renal insufficiency as indicated by a serum creatinine greater than or equal to 3.0.

Women must be taking appropriate birth control measures.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

July 1, 1996

Study Completion

November 1, 2001

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 3, 1999

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 21, 2002

First Posted (Estimate)

May 22, 2002

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

March 4, 2008

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 3, 2008

Last Verified

November 1, 2001

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 960108
  • 96-I-0108

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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