Power Spectral Analysis of Breath Sound in Pulmonary Edema

Power Spectral Analysis of Lung Sounds Detected at Bilateral Lung Bases in Patients With Cardiogenic and Non-cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary edema can be classified into "cardiogenic pulmonary edema" and "non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema" according to the underlying etiology. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by the dysfunction in the cardiac pumping capability, leading to the transudation accumulation in the pulmonary peri-capillary space. The predisposing factors of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema are numerous, including severe infection, renal failure, auto-immun reaction, etc. The mortality rate of pulmonary edema is relatively high, especially the non-cardiogenic one. To distinguish the type of pulmonary edema at the early stage is important for its treatment.

Lung sound analysis via stethoscope is a simple diagnostic method to lung diseases clinically. Among many kinds of lung sounds, the "crackle" and "rale" are frequently found in pulmonary edema. "Rale" is also called "moist rale". It is considered as low-frequency wheezes and is often seen in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. On the other hand, "crackle" is also called "dry rale", which is a kind of high-frequency wheezes and usually seen in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that is classified into non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

This proposed project intends to establish a digital diagnostic method for pulmonary edema. The lung sound of patient with pulmonary edema will be collected by the lung sound acquisition system. By identifying the significant spectrum characteristics of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, the diagnostic system might be established.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Pulmonary Edema

Detailed Description

Pulmonary edema is caused by the disorder of liquid accumulation between lung capillary and peri-capillary tissue. This lung disease can be classified into "Cardiogenic pulmonary edema" and "Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema" according to the underlying etiology. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by the dysfunction in the cardiac pumping capability, leading to the transudation accumulation in the pulmonary peri-capillary space. Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion mismatch developed and shortness of breath ensued. The predisposing factors of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema are numerous, including severe infection, renal failure, auto-immun reaction, etc. The mortality rate of pulmonary edema is relatively high, especially the non-cardiogenic one. To distinguish the type of pulmonary edema at the early stage is important for its treatment.

Stethoscopes are widely used in clinical diagnosis in different diseases. Lung sound analysis via stethoscope is a simple diagnostic method to lung diseases clinically. Among many kinds of lung sounds, the "crackle" and "rale" are frequently found in pulmonary edema. "Rale" is also called "moist rale". It is considered as low-frequency wheezes and is often seen in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. On the other hand, "crackle" is also called "dry rale", which is a kind of high-frequency wheezes and usually seen in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that is classified into non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

By simply listening to the lung sounds, a doctor can determine whether the patient has pulmonary edema or not, and whether the pulmonary edema if present is cardiogenic or not. This listening diagnostic method is simple and non-invasive. However, its accuracy is limited by such factors as the doctor's subjectiveness and interference from other physiological signals. Also, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish cardiogenic pulmonary edema from non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema just by auscultation only. Advanced diagnostic method (such as echocardiography) is often needed for further evaluation of lung problems.

This proposed project intends to establish a digital diagnostic method for pulmonary edema by integrating the medical expertise and resources of NTUH (National Taiwan University Hospital) and the engineering ability of NCU-EE (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University) in computer, electronics, and signal processing. We will apply the developed tool to lung sound acquisition hardware system for pulmonary edema diagnosis and set up an electronic diagnostic system. The lung sound of patient with pulmonary edema will be collected by this lung sound acquisition hardware system for the establishment of a Pulmonary Edema Library. By identifying the significant spectrum characteristics of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, the diagnostic system might be established.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 60

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Cheng-Deng Kuo, MD,PhD; Phone Number: 886-2-28757745; Email: cdkuo@vghtpe.gov.tw

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 112
    • Recruiting
    • Intensive care unit
    • Contact: Cheng-Deng Kuo, MD, PhD; Phone Number: 886-2-28757745; Email: cdkuo@vghtpe.gov.tw
    • Sub-Investigator: Wen-Je Ko, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 95 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients without pulmonary edema (control group), with cardiogrnic edema (study group 1) and non-cardiogrnic edema (study group 2)

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients in the intensive care unit using ventilator

Exclusion Criteria:

• Asthma, COPD, non-ventilated patients

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
1. Control group; Patients in the intensive care unit who have no pulmonary edema
2. Study group 1; Patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema in the intensive care unit
3. Study group 2; Patients with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema in the intensive care unit

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
• Collaborators: National Taiwan University Hospital
• Investigators: Study Chair: Low-Tone Ho, MD, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: July 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): December 1, 2009
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 1, 2009

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 2, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 3, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): October 6, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): June 8, 2010
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 6, 2010
• Last Verified: June 1, 2010

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: mortality; cardiogenic; length of stay; pulmonary edema; non-cardiogenic
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Edema; Pulmonary Edema
• Other Study ID Numbers: VGHIRB97-01-02A; 200808065R