- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT01168609
Left Atrial Distensibility and Left Ventricular Filling Pressure in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Usefulness of Left Atrial Distensibility to Assess Left Ventricular Filling Pressure and to Predict Prognosis in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Study population: Between December 2007 and March 2009, this study enrolled AMI patients who had received cardiac catheterization for potential coronary intervention. AMI was defined using the European Society of Cardiology / American College of Cardiology guidelines. Exclusion criteria were the following: 1) presence of mitral stenosis or prosthetic valve, 2) more than mild severity of aortic/mitral valvular problem, 3) any abnormality of atrial septum (e.g., atrial septal defect or aneurysm), 4) rhythm other than sinus rhythm and 5) lack of informed consent. Finally, 521 patients participated in this study and were under final analysis. All patients and controls gave written informed consent to participate in the study, and the study was approved by the institutional review board at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital.
Cardiac catheterization: Before catheterization, all patients received 300 mg of aspirin and 300 mg of clopidogrel. After detail explanation and informed consent, patients were subjected to diagnostic coronary angiography via a femoral approach following intravenous injection of unfractionated 7500 U heparin. There were 46 cases required coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with/without other repair procedures due to failed percutaneous coronary intervention procedure, severe multiple vessel disease, left main lesion, cardiac rupture, severe mitral regurgitation or post-MI ventricular septal defect. All other patients were treated successfully by primary PCI and stenting. Eight patients who had initially received primary PCI were later treated by CABG due to failure of the procedure, severe multiple vessel disease or complications (the 46 CABG patients cited above included these eight patients). Coronary angioplasty and stenting were performed for just the culprit lesion using standard techniques and bare-metal stents in all patients. The decision to use glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors was left to the discretion of the treating physician. The measurements of LVFP were performed via a fluid-filled pig-tail catheter placed into the LV after coronary angiography if PCI was not indicated or after primary PCI. The LVFP was continuously recorded (50 mm/s) by a 6-F pigtail catheter placed at the apex of the left ventricle and was taken from 3 to 5 end-respiratory cycles if patients could tolerate breath holding. The LVFP value was calculated as the mean of at least 3 consecutive cardiac cycles.
Echocardiographic and myocardial tissue Doppler measurements: Echocardiography was performed immediately after LVFP measurements. All studies were performed by experienced sonographers and the results were reviewed by staff cardiologists with advanced echocardiography training. Left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated using Simpson's method for biplane images. Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was performed using spectral pulsed Doppler signal filters, by adjusting the Nyquist limit to 15 - 20 cm/s (which approximated the myocardial velocities) and using the minimum optimal gain. In the apical views, a 3-mm, a pulsed-wave Doppler sample volume was placed at the level of the mitral annulus over the septal, lateral and inferior borders. Pulsed-wave TDI results were characterized by a myocardial systolic wave (Sm) and 2 diastolic waves: early (Em) and atrial contraction (Am). The pulsed-wave TDI tracing was recorded over 5 cardiac cycles at a sweep speed of 100 mm/s and was used for offline calculations. Average Em of septal and lateral mitral annulus was chose to estimate LVFP by the method of mitral E/Em.
Measurement of LA volume: All volume measurements were calculated from apical four- and two-chamber views using the biplane area-length method. The LA volumes were measured at three points: 1) immediately before the mitral valve opening (maximal LV volume or Volmax); 2) at onset of the P-wave on electrocardiography (pre-atrial contraction volume or Volp); and 3) at mitral valve closure (minimal LV volume or Volmin). The LA distensibility was calculated as (Volmax - Volmin) / Volmin. The LA ejection fraction was calculated as (Volp - Volmin) / Volp. In all patients, LA volumes were indexed to body surface area (BSA).
Follow-up: During index hospitalization, only cardiovascular death was deemed an event. A follow-up survey assessing inhospital mortality and hard events was carried out after discharge of index hospitalization. Sudden cardiac death, death related to cardiovascular problem, and any hospitalization related to heart were defined as hard event. Death within 1 hour of the onset of acute illness or sudden collapse with unknown cause was diagnosed as sudden cardiac death. Follow-up was performed between December 2007 and February 2010 by telephone interviews, medical record reviews, and home visits.
Interobserver variability: In the first fifty enrolled cases, Volmax, Volmin, and Volp were measured by two independent observers. Interobserver variability was calculated as the difference between the values obtained by the two observers divided by the mean. Interobserver difference and variability of Volmax were 4.1±5.4 ml and 6.6±8.7%, respectively. Interobserver variabilities and differences, were 8.1±8.9% and 2.9±3.2 ml for Volmin, 6.7±7.4% and 3.1±3.4 for Volp, respectively. Therefore, interobserver variabilities in LA distensibility and LA ejection fraction measurements were 7.8±6.6% and 3.1±3.2%, respectively.
Statistical analysis: The SPSS software was used for all statistical analyses. Baseline characteristics of the study patients were grouped according to quartile of LA distensibility. All continuous variables were presented as means ± standard deviation. Analysis of variance and post hoc test for unpaired data were used to evaluate the significance of differences between groups. A p vale of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Comparison of clinical characteristics was performed by chi-square analysis for categorical variables. Event-free survival curves were generated by means of Kaplan-Meier estimates, and differences in survival were compared with use of the log-rank test. To evaluate the effect of different levels of LA distensibility on in-hospital mortality, and hard events, relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were calculated as hazard ratios derived from the Cox proportional-hazards model. Multivariate models were fitted with use of the available clinical covariates. The relationship curve between LA distensibility and LVFP was estimated using SPSS software. Bivariate analysis, simple correlation and linear regression were used when appropriate. Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity for predicting elevated LVFP (> 15 mmHg).
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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-
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Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 886
- Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Myocardial infarction was detected by the presence of at least two of the following criteria: chest pain lasting more than 30 minutes, typical electrocardiographic changes, and elevated creatinine kinase-MB fraction. Consecutive patients 18 years of age or older who presented within 12 hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction were considered for enrollment.
Exclusion Criteria:
- 1) presence of mitral stenosis or prosthetic mitral valves
- 2) more than mild severity of aortic/mitral valvular problem
- 3) any abnormality of atrial septum (e.g., atrial septal defect or aneurysm)
- 4) rhythm other than sinus rhythm
- 5) inadequate image quality
- 6) lack of informed consent
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Observational Models: Cohort
- Time Perspectives: Prospective
Cohorts and Interventions
Group / Cohort |
Intervention / Treatment |
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patients with acute myocardial infarction
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was defined using the European Society of Cardiology / American College of Cardiology guidelines.
Myocardial infarction was detected by the presence of at least two of the following criteria: chest pain lasting more than 30 minutes, typical electrocardiographic changes, and elevated creatinine kinase-MB fraction.
Consecutive patients 18 years of age or older who presented within 12 hours after the onset of symptoms were considered for enrollment.
Patients who had ST-segment elevation of 1 mm or more in two or more contiguous leads were classified as ST-segment elevation MI.
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Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stenting were performed for just the culprit lesion using standard techniques and bare-metal stents in all patients.
Unfractionated heparin was used for 3 days after PCI, except in some cases with contraindications, and the dose of unfractionated heparin was selected to prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time by 2-3 times.
The decision to use glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors was left to the discretion of the treating physician.
The measurements of LVFP were performed via a fluid-filled pig-tail catheter placed into the LV after coronary angiography if PCI was not indicated or after primary PCI.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
in-hospital death after acute myocardial infarction
Time Frame: Average 2 weeks
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All cause mortality during index hospitalization of acute myocardial infarction was recorded.
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Average 2 weeks
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
1-year hard event rate after acute myocardial infarction
Time Frame: 1 year after discharge
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After index hospitalization, patients were followed up at our cardiovascular clinic for at least 1 year.
A follow-up survey assessing hard cardiovascular (CV) events was carried out after discharge.
All cause mortality and heart failure with re-hospitalization were defined as hard CV event.
Follow-up was performed between December 2007 and February 2010 by telephone interviews, medical record reviews, and home visits.
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1 year after discharge
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Collaborators and Investigators
Collaborators
Publications and helpful links
Helpful Links
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- VGHKS97-CT4-17
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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