Abexinostat in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies

A Phase 1b Dose Escalation/Expansion Study of Abexinostat in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies

This phase I trial studies the best dose and side effects of abexinostat and how well it works with given together with pembrolizumab in treating participants with microsatellite instability (MSI) solid tumors that have spread to other places in the body. Abexinostat may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving abexinostat and pembrolizumab may work better in treating participants with solid tumors.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Stage IVA Lung Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IVB Lung Cancer AJCC v8; Metastatic Melanoma; Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IIIA Lung Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IIIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8; Locally Advanced Melanoma; Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma; Stage III Ureter Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IV Ureter Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IIIC Lung Cancer AJCC v8; Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Stage III Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v8; Stage IV Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v8; Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma; Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma; Locally Advanced Solid Neoplasm; Stage IB Lung Cancer AJCC v7
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Abexinostat; Biological: Pembrolizumab

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the maximally tolerated and recommended phase 2 dose of abexinostat in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor (CPI). (Dose escalation)

II. To determine the objective response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria in patients treated with abexinostat in combination with CPI in patients with prior primary (cohort A) or acquired (cohort B) resistance to prior CPI treatment. (Dose expansion)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the objective response rate and median duration of response (DoR) by immune modified (i)RECIST criteria.

II. To determine the median progression-free survival (PFS).

III. To further characterize the safety profile of the treatment combination.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of abexinostat.

Participants receive abexinostat orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-21 and pembrolizumab intravenously (IV) on over 30 minutes day 1. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, participants are followed up for 90 days.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 35
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94143
      • University of California, San Francisco

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient >= 18 years of age at the time of study enrollment.

• Has histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic solid tumor malignancy with one of the following tumor types:

  • Urothelial carcinoma
  • Melanoma
  • Non-small cell lung cancer
  • Small cell lung cancer
  • Non-pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • MSI-high solid tumor, with MSI-high status defined by microsatellite instability testing by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loss of mismatch repair proteins by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), or Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-approved next generation sequencing test.
  • Gastric and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma
  • Merkel cell carcinoma
  • Thymic carcinoma
  • Mesothelioma
• Measurable disease by RECIST 1.1 criteria.

• Dose Expansion only:

  • Disease progression during or within 3 months of last dose of most recent line of prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based treatment with a pattern of progression as defined as one of the following:

    • Primary Resistance (Cohort A): Progressive disease as best response to prior treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment
    • Acquired Resistance (Cohort B): Stable disease, partial response or complete response to prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment with subsequent disease progression during or within 3 months following last dose of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment

  • A tumor biopsy is mandatory unless

    • There is no safely accessible lesion, OR
    • Archival metastatic tumor tissue is available with sufficient quantity that was obtained following the last dose of most recent systemic therapy.
• Has Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2.

• Has adequate baseline organ function, as demonstrated by the following:

  • Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) or calculated creatinine clearance > 50 mL/min
  • Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x institutional ULN (patients with hepatic metastases must have AST/ALT =< 5 x ULN).
  • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.5 x 10^9/L.
  • Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL.
  • Platelet count >= 75 x 10^9/L.
• Agrees to use acceptable contraceptive methods for the duration of time on the study, and continue to use acceptable contraceptive methods for 6 months (after the last treatment with study treatment.
• Has provided signed informed consent before initiation of any study-specific procedures or treatment.
• Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must agree to use adequate contraception the duration of study participation and 3 months after completion of study drug administration.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Has persistent clinically significant toxicities (grade >= 2; per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 5) from previous anticancer therapy (excluding alopecia which is permitted and excluding grades 2 and 3 laboratory abnormalities if they are not associated with symptoms, are not considered clinically significant by the Investigator, and can be managed with available medical therapies).
• Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that required steroids or current pneumonitis/ interstitial lung disease
• Has a diagnosis of clinically significant immunodeficiency.
• Has received external-beam radiation or another systemic anticancer therapy within 14 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is shorter) before start of study treatment.
• Has received treatment with an investigational drug or monoclonal antibody within 28 days prior to study treatment administration. For classes of investigational agents that are not known to have prolonged toxicities, the washout time may be decreased to 14 days at the discretion of the principal investigator.
• Has received previous treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.
• Has an additional active malignancy that may confound the assessment of the study endpoints. Patients with the following concomitant neoplastic diagnoses are eligible: nonmelanoma skin cancer and carcinoma in situ including transitional cell carcinoma, anal carcinoma, and melanoma in situ).

• Has clinically significant cardiovascular disease including, but not limited to:

  • Uncontrolled or any New York Heart Association class 3 or 4 congestive heart failure
  • Uncontrolled angina, history of myocardial infarction, unstable angina or stroke within 6 months before study entry
  • Clinically significant arrhythmias not controlled by medication.

• Has a history of untreated brain, or leptomeningeal, metastases (central nervous system (CNS) imaging is not required before study entry unless there is a clinical suspicion of CNS involvement). Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided:

  • They are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks and any neurologic symptoms have returned to baseline)
  • They have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases (confirmed by imaging within 28 days of the first dose of study drug)
  • They are not using steroids for at least 7 days before the first dose of study drug.

This exception does not include leptomeningeal metastases, which is excluded regardless of clinical stability.

• Has a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days before study treatment.

• Has uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to:

  • Uncontrolled infection
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • Psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
• Has known history positive status for human immunodeficiency virus or chronic active hepatitis B or hepatitis C (screening not required).
• Has any medical condition which in the opinion of the Investigator places the patient at an unacceptably high risk for toxicities.
• Use of prohibited medication within 7 days or 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter, prior to first dose of study drug

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Dose Escalation: (abexinostat, pembrolizumab); Participants receive abexinostat PO BID on days -7 to -4 of the lead-in period, and days 1-4, 8-11 of each treatment cycle and pembrolizumab over 30 minutes on day 1. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Drug: Abexinostat; Given orally (PO) twice a day (BID) days 1-4, 8-11 of every 21 day cycle; Other Names: PCI-24781; Biological: Pembrolizumab; Given IV on day 1 of every 21 day cycle; Other Names: Keytruda
Experimental: Cohort A: Dose Expansion (abexinostat, pembrolizumab); Participants with primary resistance to prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 will receive abexinostat PO BID on days -7 to -4 of the lead-in period, and days 1-4, 8-11 of each treatment cycle and pembrolizumab over 30 minutes on day 1. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Drug: Abexinostat; Given orally (PO) twice a day (BID) days 1-4, 8-11 of every 21 day cycle; Other Names: PCI-24781; Biological: Pembrolizumab; Given IV on day 1 of every 21 day cycle; Other Names: Keytruda
Experimental: Cohort B: Dose Expansion (abexinostat, pembrolizumab); Participants with acquired resistance, defined as treatment duration on prior CPI for greater than 6 months with evidence of clinical benefit (tumor regression or disease stabilization) with subsequent disease progression will receive abexinostat PO BID on days -7 to -4 of the lead-in period, and days 1-4, 8-11 of each treatment cycle and pembrolizumab over 30 minutes on day 1. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Drug: Abexinostat; Given orally (PO) twice a day (BID) days 1-4, 8-11 of every 21 day cycle; Other Names: PCI-24781; Biological: Pembrolizumab; Given IV on day 1 of every 21 day cycle; Other Names: Keytruda

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Objective Response Rate (ORR)	Objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1 criteria in patients treated with abexinostat in combination with (CPI) immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with prior primary or acquired resistance to prior CPI treatment.	Up to 2 years
Maximally Tolerated Dose (MTD)	Starting at dose level 1, if 2/3 patients have a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), the dose will be de-escalated to dose -1. If 0/3 patients experience a DLT, 3 patients will be treated at the next dose level. If DLT attributable to the treatment is experienced in 1/3 patients, three more patients (for a total of six patients) will be treated at that dose level. If no additional DLTs are observed at the expanded dose level (i.e. 1/6 with DLT), the dose will be escalated. Escalation will terminate as soon as two or more patients experience any DLT attributable to study drugs, at a given dose level. If de-escalation is necessary, 3 patients will be enrolled on the next lower dose cohort. If 1 or less DLTs is observed in this cohort, this will be the MTD.	Up to 21 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Median Duration of Response (DoR)	The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are met for complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), whichever is first recorded, until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented.	Up to 2 years
Median DoR per iRECIST	The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are met for CR (complete response) or PR (partial response), whichever is first recorded, until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented. The criteria are identical to those of RECIST 1.1 but have been adapted to account for instances where an increase in tumor burden, or the appearance of new lesions, does not reflect true tumor progression. iRECIST requires the confirmation of progression and uses the terms iUPD (unconfirmed progression) and iCPD (confirmed progression).	Up to 2 years
Immune-modified Objective response rate (ORR)	Objective response rate (ORR) by iRECIST. The criteria are identical to those of RECIST 1.1 but have been adapted to account for instances where an increase in tumor burden, or the appearance of new lesions, does not reflect true tumor progression. Immuno response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (iRECIST) ORR requires the confirmation of progression and uses the terms unconfirmed progression (iUPD) and confirmed progression (iCPD).	Up to 2 years
Median Progression-Free Survival (PFS)	PFS is defined as the time from the date of initiation of study treatment to the date measurement criteria are first met for radiographic progressive disease (PD) or death from any cause, whichever occurs first.	Up to 2 years
Percentage of participants reporting treatment-related Adverse Events (AE)	Percentages of participants experiencing adverse events by preferred term will be summarized by NCI-CTCAE version 5	Up to 2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Rahul Aggarwal
• Collaborators: Xynomic Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Rahul Aggarwal, MD, University of California, San Francisco

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 20, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 30, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): November 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 5, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 5, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): July 18, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 22, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 20, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Lung Diseases; Urologic Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Urologic Diseases; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Bronchial Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Nevi and Melanomas; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell; Ureteral Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma; Melanoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Skin Neoplasms; Ureteral Neoplasms; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Pembrolizumab; Abexinostat
• Other Study ID Numbers: 18956; NCI-2018-01395 (Registry Identifier: Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP))

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No