Online Survey in Studying Smoking Attitudes and Behaviors Among Current Smokers

Self-Affirmation in the Context of Stigma-Induced Identity Threat Among Smokers

This trial uses an online survey to study smoking attitudes and behaviors among current smokers. An online survey consisting of questions about general demographics, smoking history, smoking attitudes, smoking behaviors, smoking intentions, health and qualities of daily life may help researchers understand the differences in smoking attitudes and behaviors among current smokers.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smoker
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Survey Administration

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To examine if self-affirmation attenuates the effects of cigarette smoking stigmatization on smoking risk perceptions, pro-smoking beliefs, and intentions to change smoking behavior.

OUTLINE:

Participants are recruited and pre-screened via an online crowdsourcing program called Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants then respond to a one-time research survey over 20 minutes on SurveyGizmo, an on-line survey software platform.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 1100

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Rockville, Maryland, United States, 20850
      • NCI Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Smokers recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• United States (US) adult smokers.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Observational (survey); Participants are recruited and pre-screened via an online crowdsourcing program MTurk, and then respond to a one-time research survey over 20 minutes on SurveyGizmo, an on-line survey software platform	Other: Survey Administration; Respond to SurveyGizmo survey online

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Quit Intentions	Single item assessed intentions to quit smoking, 'Are you considering quitting smoking during the next 6 months?' from the 2014-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (1=yes, plan to stop within the next 30 days; 2=yes, plan to stop within the next 6 months, but not within 30 days; 3=no, not thinking of quitting in the next 6 months; U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). Response options were reverse scored so that higher scores indicated greater intentions to quit.	At the time of survey response within approximately 20 minutes
Intentions to Switch Completely to E-cigarettes	"How likely are you to switch completely from using regular cigarettes to electronic cigarettes in the next 6 months?' 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (extremely likely)	At the time of survey response within approximately 20 minutes
Intentions to Seek Cessation Counseling	How likely is it that in the next 6 months you will seek counseling/support to help you quit smoking? Response options were 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (extremely likely).	At the time of survey response within approximately 20 minutes
Intentions to Reduce Smoking	How likely is it that in the next 6 months that you will reduce the number of cigarettes you smoke in a day? Response options were 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (extremely likely).	At the time of survey response within approximately 20 minutes
Self-exempting Beliefs	Deterministic beliefs regarding smoking behaviors were evaluated using the 18-item self-exempting beliefs scale (Oakes et al., 2004).Response options were 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Items were averaged to create a composite measure of self-exempting beliefs with excellent interitem reliability, α = .91.	At the time of survey response within approximately 20 minutes.
Positive Cognitions About Smoking	Five items assessed positive cognitions about smoking (Fotuhi et al., 2013). Response options were 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Items were averaged to create a composite measure of self-exempting beliefs with excellent interitem reliability, α = .91.	At the time of survey response within approximately 20 minutes.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Annette Kaufman, NCI Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Sorgen LJ, Ferrer RA, Klein WMP, Kaufman AR. Smoking self-concept moderates the effects of self-affirmation on smoking-related beliefs and behavioral intentions. Psychol Health. 2022 Aug;37(8):964-984. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1912346. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): February 4, 2019
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): March 23, 2019
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): March 23, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 4, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 4, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): March 5, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): September 8, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 19, 2021
• Last Verified: August 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: NCI-2019-01325 (REGISTRY: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); 19-NCI-00810 (OTHER: NCI Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No