The Acute Effect of Vaping on Food Intake

This study assesses the acute effects of a standardized 20-minute vaping episode compared to a non-vaping control condition on ad libitum food intake during a 30-minute buffet meal, occurring approximately 45 minutes after the vaping episode

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Food Intake; Energy Intake; Appetite; E-Cig Use
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Vaping condition; Other: Control condition

Detailed Description

Weight control is a common motive for cigarette smoking and nicotine has been shown to suppress appetite and increase resting metabolic rate, and also serves as a behavioral alternative to eating or a distraction from hunger or food craving. Data on the acute effect of e-cigarette use ('vaping') on ad libitum food intake are non-existent. Given that many e-cigarette users report vaping for weight control and that certain e-cigarettes are being actively marketed for weight management and/or suppression of food cravings, addressing this research gap is of the utmost importance.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23220
      • Center for the Study of Tobacco Products

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 - 65 years of age (ID card verified)
• Reports either everyday e-cigarette use with liquid containing at least 0.3% (~3 mg/ml) nicotine or some day e-cigarette use ( at least 3 days a week) with liquid containing at least 3% (~30 mg/ml) nicotine for the past 30 days.

Exclusion Criteria:

• being unwilling to consume the foods provided due to: a) dietary limitations or preferences or b) allergies to the foods provided.
• being unwilling to take 20 puffs from a JUUL device containing a 5% nicotine pod
• self-reported current, diagnosed medical condition(s) will be excluded automatically: heart-related conditions (e.g., recent heart attack/stroke, coronary heart disease), severe immune system disorders (e.g., HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis), respiratory disorders (e.g., COPD, asthma), kidney diseases, liver diseases (e.g., cirrhosis), or seizures
• observed high blood pressure at screening (systolic >140; diastolic >90)
• other self-reported current, diagnosed medical conditions (e.g., specific food allergies, diabetes, thyroid disease, lyme disease) will be considered for exclusion after consultation with the PI and medical monitor
• self-reported current, diagnosed psychiatric conditions or who report current psychiatric treatment or psychotropic medication use
• past month use of cocaine, opioids, benzodiazepines, methamphetamine, or other (non-cannabis) illicit drugs
• self-report of >25 days out of the past 30 for alcohol use or >20 days out of the past 30 for cannabis use.
• women who are breast-feeding or test positive for pregnancy (by urinalysis at screening)
• women using progestin-IUDS for birth control
• women using birth control injections (e.g., Depo-Provera)
• women who received a hysterectomy and still have ovaries present
• self-report intending to quit tobacco/nicotine products in the next 30 days

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Vaping to Control Group; Participants in this arm will undergo the vaping condition during the first visit and the control condition during the second visit.	Other: Vaping condition; Participants will be asked to use a JUUL device to vape 20 puffs over 20 minutes. Participants will use JUUL pods with ~5% nicotine by weight. The anticipated amount of nicotine that will be absorbed with 20 puffs is approximately 1.6 mg, which is equal to approximately 1.5 cigarettes.; Other: Control condition; Participants will have access to an uncharged JUUL device with an empty pod for 20 minutes.
Experimental: Control to Vaping Group; Participants in this arm will undergo the control condition during the first visit and the vaping condition during the second visit.	Other: Vaping condition; Participants will be asked to use a JUUL device to vape 20 puffs over 20 minutes. Participants will use JUUL pods with ~5% nicotine by weight. The anticipated amount of nicotine that will be absorbed with 20 puffs is approximately 1.6 mg, which is equal to approximately 1.5 cigarettes.; Other: Control condition; Participants will have access to an uncharged JUUL device with an empty pod for 20 minutes.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Energy Intake	Energy intake in kilocalories (kcal) during the ad libitum buffet meal will be measured via directly weighed food provision and waste (food/energy intake is calculated by difference).	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dietary Added Sugar Intake	Dietary added sugar intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Sugar Intake	Dietary sugar intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Fat Intake	Dietary fat intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Carbohydrate Intake	Dietary carbohydrate intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Protein Intake	Dietary protein intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Calcium Intake	Dietary calcium intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Cholesterol Intake	Dietary cholesterol intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Fiber Intake	Dietary fiber intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Iron Intake	Dietary iron intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Potassium Intake	Dietary potassium intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Sodium Intake	Dietary sodium intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Saturated Fat Intake	Dietary saturated fat intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Dietary Vitamin D Intake	Dietary Vitamin D Intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal
Difference in Food Cravings	Total score in the Food Cravings Questionnaire State (FCQ-State) after the vaping vs after the non-vaping condition. Fifteen items are rated on a 5-point Likert Scale (Strongly Disagree=1, Disagree=2, Neutral=3, Agree=4, Strongly Agree=5) with higher scores indicating higher food cravings. For a total score, all 15 items were summed together and higher scores indicate a higher intensity or craving to eat (Meule, 2020). The range for total scores is around 15-75.	The FCQ-State was administered about 30 minutes after either the vaping or non-vaping (control) condition and about ~20 minutes before the ad lib buffet meal.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Virginia Commonwealth University
• Collaborators: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); Pennington Biomedical Research Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Caroline Cobb (Amey), PhD, Virginia Commonwealth University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 22, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 21, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): September 21, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 3, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 3, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): January 6, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 5, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 9, 2023
• Last Verified: November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: HM20018382; U54DA036105 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); 2019-066-PBRC (Other Identifier: Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No