ImmuneRACE - Immune Response Action to COVID-19 Events

ImmuneRACE is a study, which is designed to better understand the immune response to COVID-19. This is critically important because the immune system may be able to tell us important information about how our own bodies detect and respond to the disease that current tests cannot. De-identified data collected from this study may accelerate the development of better diagnostics for COVID-19 and improve outcomes for many.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Covid19

Detailed Description

PURPOSE Aim 1. Compare disease-specific TCR signatures in patients vs. controls Aim 2. Identify antigens that elicit a T-cell response Aim 3. Risk Stratification based on immune signature Aim 4. Early detection

Secondary Aim:

Aim 5. Identify and/or confirm antigenic binding (BCR PairSEQ/neutralizing antibodies)

STUDY POPULATION Approximately 1000 individuals, between the ages of 18 - 89 Cohort 1. EXPOSED to someone with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 Cohort 2. ACTIVE COVID-19

Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19:

Clinical diagnosis made by a medical professional, or Positive laboratory test Cohort 3. RECOVERED from COVID-19

Individuals with a previously confirmed diagnosed and cleared from active infection by either:

Testing negative on two consecutive swab tests, or Cleared by a healthcare professional, or Resolution of symptoms

METHODS Decentralized study (visits occur at participant's houses) Utilizing remote phlebotomy to collect (1) whole blood, (2) serum, (3) nose or throat swab Collection of relevant metadata by electronic questionnaire

Option for longitudinal collection of up to 4 additional blood draws and questionnaires

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 808

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98102
      • Adaptive Biotechnologies

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 89 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

1000 individuals, between the ages of 18 - 89, who reside within the United States. Blood samples and nose or throat swabs will be collected at affiliated sites or with mobile phlebotomy. These samples will be shipped frozen or transported refrigerated or at room temperature to Adaptive Biotechnologies for processing, including, but not limited to DNA extraction and analysis. Minors, pregnant women, prisoners, mentally disabled persons, and wards-of-the-state will be excluded to prevent any risk to vulnerable populations. The selection of participants will be equitable per 45 CFR 111(a).

Description

Cohort 1. Exposed to coronavirus disease

Inclusion criteria

Participants must satisfy the following criteria to be enrolled in the study:

Individuals exposed to someone with a confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease within 2 weeks of exposure (or at the discretion of the investigator) Male and female participants of any race and ethnicity between 18 to 89 years of age (inclusive) at the time of enrolling in the study Must be able to communicate with the investigator, understand and comply with the requirements of the study

Exclusion Criteria

The presence of any of the following will exclude a participant from enrollment:

Individuals who have not been exposed to a person with a confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease within 2 weeks of exposure (or at the discretion of the investigator) Protected populations including minors, pregnant women, prisoners, mentally disabled persons, and wards-of-the state Any significant condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that would prevent the participant from safely participating in the study Donated more than 500cc or 1 pint of blood in the past 60 days prior to the blood draw (at the discretion of the investigator)

Cohort 2. Active coronavirus disease Inclusion criteria

Participants must satisfy the following criteria to be enrolled in the study:

Individuals with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease:

Either by clinical diagnosis made by a medical professional, or By positive laboratory test, including but not limited to naso- or oropharyngeal swab (or at the discretion of the investigator) Male and female participants of any race and ethnicity between 18 to 89 years of age (inclusive) at the time of enrolling in the study Must be able to communicate with the investigator, understand and comply with the requirements of the study

Exclusion Criteria

The presence of any of the following will exclude a participant from enrollment:

Individuals without a diagnosis of coronavirus disease Protected populations including minors, pregnant women, prisoners, mentally disabled persons, and wards-of-the state Any significant condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that would prevent the participant from safely participating in the study Donated more than 500cc or 1 pint of blood in the past 60 days prior to the blood draw (at the discretion of the investigator)

Cohort 3. Recovered from coronavirus disease Inclusion criteria

Participants must satisfy the following criteria to be enrolled in the study:

Individuals previously diagnosed with coronavirus disease and cleared from active infection by:

Testing negative on two consecutive naso- or oropharyngeal swab tests following initial diagnosis, or Cleared by a healthcare professional or public health authority, or Resolution of symptoms related to COVID-19 (or at the discretion of the investigator) Male and female participants of any race and ethnicity between 18 to 89 years of age (inclusive) at the time of enrolling in the study Must be able to communicate with the investigator, understand and comply with the requirements of the study

Exclusion Criteria

The presence of any of the following will exclude a participant from enrollment:

Individuals without a previous diagnosis of coronavirus disease at the discretion of the investigator Protected populations including minors, pregnant women, prisoners, mentally disabled persons, and wards-of-the state Any significant condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that would prevent the participant from safely participating in the study Donated more than 500cc or 1 pint of blood in the past 60 days prior to the blood draw (at the discretion of the investigator)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Cohort 1; Exposed to coronavirus disease
Cohort 2; Active coronavirus disease
Cohort 3; Recovered from coronavirus disease

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Comparison of disease-specific TCR signatures in patients and controls	We will run immunoSEQ on approximately 1000 patient samples with disease status unblinded. After sequencing these samples, we will quantitatively describe the compartment of the T-cell repertoire specific for the disease of interest. We will then use these data to construct a classifier that accurately distinguishes patients from controls.	Baseline
Identify the immunodominant antigens that elicit a T-cell response to COVID-19	We developed technology to query the antigen specificity of the T-cell repertoire to hundreds of peptide epitopes in a single blood sample5. This technology not only allows us to parse out immunodominant epitopes of a given infection from irrelevant epitopes, but also allows us to determine the TCR sequences of the T cells responding to these immunodominant epitopes. We will use this technology to determine which peptide epitopes derived from the SARS-CoV-2 genome commonly elicit an immunodominant T-cell response in different samples. The TCR sequence data generated from these studies will be used to boost the diagnostic classifier obtained in Aim 1. In addition, the identification of immunodominant epitopes can be disseminated to fuel studies in vaccine design and antigen specific T-cell responses relating to clinical outcome in other labs.	Baseline
Risk Stratification based on an individual's immune signature	There is a critical need for a reliable risk stratification test to enable treatment prioritization given the potentially massive number of symptomatic patients. Despite an emerging understanding of the diagnosis of COVID-19, how it spreads, and the death rate, there is no currently available way to predict who needs hospitalization beyond age associated risk and limited epidemiologically linked comorbidities.	Baseline
Determine whether an immune signature can be detected in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 earlier than currently available tests	Another critical need to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is to determine the false negative rate of the RNA test in asymptomatic people and offer an alternative diagnostic that is more sensitive in this cohort. For example, it is possible that early stage disease is not picked up by RNA tests because the virus may be isolated to regions such as the lower respiratory cavity that are not assessed by standard testing methods. We aim to determine whether the immune response can be used to detect the virus from a simple blood test thereby providing a more sensitive test in asymptomatic people even if the virus itself is not directly detectable in the upper respiratory region.	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Explore whether additional research assays could potential identify and/or confirm antigenic binding	As a secondary aim, Adaptive will perform explorational research with additional sequencing-based research assays to profile the adaptive immune system, such as, but not limited to TCR pairSEQ26 and B-cell receptor (BCR) pairSEQ3. These assays use a combinatorial method for pairing TCR alpha and beta chain sequences and BCR heavy and light chain sequences. The output is a large set of full length paired BCR or TCR sequences, which allows reconstruction of a functional antibody or TCR. We regularly utilize the results of our pairSEQ assays to identify and/or confirm antigenic binding. For the case of BCR pairSEQ, the resulting antibody sequences could potentially have therapeutic value for imparting passive immunity.	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Adaptive Biotechnologies
• Collaborators: Covance

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 24, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 23, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): April 23, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 29, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 29, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): July 31, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 16, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 14, 2022
• Last Verified: February 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviridae Infections; Nidovirales Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Pneumonia, Viral; Pneumonia; Lung Diseases; COVID-19
• Other Study ID Numbers: ADAP-006

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No