The Effect of Ginger and Peppermint on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients After Thyroid Surgery

The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effect of inhalation use of ginger and peppermint on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing thyroidectomy surgery. After the approval of the ethics committee and institutional permission, 81 patients who applied to the general surgery clinic for thyroidectomy between 1 December 2020 and 1 December 2021 and met the inclusion criteria will be included in the study. Within the scope of the planned study, the sample size in the light of the reported academic studies was determined as effect size d = 0.40 (effect size), α = 0.05 (margin of error), 1-β = 0.90 (Power) and by using the G-power package program with the specified criteria. It was decided to recruit 81 people (27 people per 3 group). Block randomization method will be used to determine the experimental and control groups. In order for the groups to be distributed homogeneously, the order produced by a computer program (https://www.randomizer.org/) will be used. Randomization will be done by a biostatistician outside the researcher. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study will be assigned to the experimental and control groups according to the randomization list. Before the operation, the patient will be visited and information will be given about the purpose, content and intervention to be applied. After obtaining verbal and written permission from the patients who accepted to participate in the study, the "Informed Consent" will be filled in the "Patient Identification form. On the day of surgery, "surgical intervention information will be filled in by the researcher. In the postoperative period at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and 24th hours, the patient will use ginger and peppermint oil as inhalation. At the end of the 24th hour, the application will be terminated. In the control group, no application will be made during and after the surgical intervention, and routine treatment and care will be applied. After admission to the clinic of the patients in the experimental and control groups, the severity of pain, nausea and vomiting, the number of nausea-vomiting at the 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hours, the name, dose, frequency and time of the antiemetic drugs used were determined by the researcher. At the end of the 24th hour, Rhodes Nausea Vomiting Index score will be evaluated by the researcher.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Ginger; Other: Peppermint

Detailed Description

The universe of the research; patients who are planned to undergo thyroid surgery between 1 December 2020 and 1 December 2021 in the general surgery clinic where the study will be conducted will comprise the patients who meet the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study. The research was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study. Block randomization method will be used to determine the experimental and control groups. In order for the groups to be distributed homogeneously, the order produced by a computer program (https://www.randomizer.org/) will be used. Randomization will be done by a biostatistician outside the researcher. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study will be assigned to the experimental and control groups according to the randomization list. Research data will be collected in a hospital's general surgery ward between 1 December 2020 and 1 December 2021.

Independent variables of the research; age, gender, educational status, marital status, height, weight, habits and general health parameters were defined as independent variables. The dependent variables of the study are postoperative nausea-vomiting status (number and severity), pain severity (Visual Analog Scale-VAS), and Rhodes nausea-vomiting index score average.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 81
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Sona PASHAEI, MSC; Phone Number: +905374869720; Email: sona.pashaei@ogr.iu.edu.tr
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Nuray AKYUZ, Dr; Phone Number: +905326256188; Email: nakyuz1@hotmail.com

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey
    • Recruiting
    • IU-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing Department of Surgical Nursing Abide-i Hürriyet street. 34381 Sisli - Istanbul
    • Contact: Sona PASHAEI, MSC; Phone Number: +905374869720; Email: sona.pashaei@ogr.iu.edu.tr
    • Contact: Nuray AKYUZ, Dr; Phone Number: +905326256188; Email: nakyuz1@hotmail.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Those who are 18 years old or older,
2. According to the American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification; ASA score I and II,
3. Not known ginger and peppermint allergy,
4. Patients who are qualified to understand and answer questions in terms of cognitive capacity,
5. Patients without any psychiatric disorder,
6. Patients who agree to participate in the study will be included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Under 18 years old,
2. Those with nutritional disorders,
3. Patients who require additional treatment to prevent nausea and vomiting, or patients using non-prescription anti-nausea and other complementary therapy,
4. Patients with peppermint and ginger allergy,
5. Those who have additional diseases (gastrointestinal system diseases, central nervous system tumors, vertigo etc.) that may affect the state of nausea and vomiting,
6. Not agreeing to participate in the research,
7. Those with respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, etc.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control Arm; In the control group, no application will be made during and after the surgical intervention, and routine treatment and care will be applied.
Experimental: Intervention Arm 1 (Ginger Group); Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study will be assigned to the experimental group. In the postoperative period at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and 24th hours, the patient will use ginger oil as inhalation. The structure of the inhaler tube is explained. The back cover of the inhaler tube is opened and absorbent cotton swab is inserted into it. Cotton swab 1 ml of essential oil is added by dropping on it. The back cover of the inhaler tube is closed. It is waited for 10-15 minutes. The front cover of the inhaler tube is opened at the time intervals specified in the study procedure (at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and 24th hours after the operation, and the patient is allowed to smell essential oil from the tube. With the end of the sniffing process, the front cover of the tube is closed and the essential oil remains in the tube. The essential oil tubes to be applied will be prepared separately for each patient and that day.	Other: Ginger; Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study will be assigned to the experimental group. In the postoperative period at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and 24th hours, the patient will use Ginger and Peppermint oil as inhalation. The structure of the inhaler tube is explained. The back cover of the inhaler tube is opened and absorbent cotton swab is inserted into it. Cotton swab 1 ml of essential oil is added by dropping on it. The back cover of the inhaler tube is closed. It is waited for 10-15 minutes. The front cover of the inhaler tube is opened at the time intervals specified in the study procedure (at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and 24th hours after the operation, and the patient is allowed to smell essential oil from the tube. With the end of the sniffing process, the front cover of the tube is closed and the essential oil remains in the tube. The essential oil tubes to be applied will be prepared separately for each patient and that day.
Experimental: Intervention Arm 2 (Peppermint Group); Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study will be assigned to the experimental group. In the postoperative period at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and 24th hours, the patient will use Peppermint oil as inhalation. The structure of the inhaler tube is explained. The back cover of the inhaler tube is opened and absorbent cotton swab is inserted into it. Cotton swab 1 ml of essential oil is added by dropping on it. The back cover of the inhaler tube is closed. It is waited for 10-15 minutes. The front cover of the inhaler tube is opened at the time intervals specified in the study procedure (at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and 24th hours after the operation, and the patient is allowed to smell essential oil from the tube. With the end of the sniffing process, the front cover of the tube is closed and the essential oil remains in the tube. The essential oil tubes to be applied will be prepared separately for each patient and that day.	Other: Peppermint; Peppermint

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postoperative pain severity	Pain severity assessment with Visual Assessment Scale (VAS) Score: 0-10; 0- No Pain, 10- Worst pain	Reported pain severity in the first 24 hours after surgery
Postoperative nausea and vomiting severity	Nausea and vomiting severity with Visual Assessment Scale (VAS) Score: 0-10; 0- None, 10- Agonizing	Reported nausea and vomiting severity in the first 24 hours after surgery
Use of antiemetics	The name, dose, frequency and time of the antiemetic drugs	In the first 24 hours after surgery
The number of postoperative nausea, vomiting and retching	The number of nausea, vomiting	Reported the number of nausea, vomiting and retching in the first 24 hours after surgery
Rhodes Nausea Vomiting Index score	Evaluation of Rhodes Nausea Vomiting Index score In order to score the scale, responses to items 1, 3, 6 and 7 are calculated in reverse order; For each answer, they are scored as 0: minimum, 4: most discomfort, and the score obtained from 8 items is added. It is expressed as 32 points, the highest possible value.	At the end of the 24th hour after surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postoperative complications	Evaluation of postoperative complications	End of surgery to hospital discharge 2-3 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sona PASHAEI
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Yeliz E Ersoy, Prof.Dr, Bezmialem University; Study Director: Nuray AKYUZ, Dr, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa (IUC); Study Chair: Sona PASHAEI, MSC, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa (IUC)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): December 1, 2021
• Study Completion (Anticipated): March 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 3, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 4, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): May 5, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 19, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 15, 2021
• Last Verified: May 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Nausea, Vomiting, Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Ginger, Peppermint, Thyroid surgery, Nursing
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Postoperative Complications; Signs and Symptoms, Digestive; Nausea; Vomiting; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2020-8-1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No