Emerging treatment strategies in wound care

Marjan Mirhaj, Sheyda Labbaf, Mohamadreza Tavakoli, Alexander Marcus Seifalian, Marjan Mirhaj, Sheyda Labbaf, Mohamadreza Tavakoli, Alexander Marcus Seifalian

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex process in tissue regeneration through which the body responds to the dissipated cells as a result of any kind of severe injury. Diabetic and non-healing wounds are considered an unmet clinical need. Currently, different strategic approaches are widely used in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds which include, but are not limited to, tissue transplantation, cell therapy and wound dressings, and the use of an instrument. A large number of literatures have been published on this topic; however, the most effective clinical treatment remains a challenge. The wound dressing involves the use of a scaffold, usually using biomaterials for the delivery of medication, autologous stem cells, or growth factors from the blood. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are also used to stop the infection as well as accelerate wound healing. With an increase in the ageing population leading to diabetes and associated cutaneous wounds, there is a great need to improve the current treatment strategies. This research critically reviews the current advancement in the therapeutic and clinical approaches for wound healing and tissue regeneration. The results of recent clinical trials suggest that the use of modern dressings and skin substitutes is the easiest, most accessible, and most cost-effective way to treat chronic wounds with advances in materials science such as graphene as 3D scaffold and biomolecules hold significant promise. The annual market value for successful wound treatment exceeds over $50 billion US dollars, and this will encourage industries as well as academics to investigate the application of emerging smart materials for modern dressings and skin substitutes for wound therapy.

Keywords: cells therapy; platelet therapy; skin tissue engineering; wound dressing; wound healing.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

© 2022 The Authors. International Wound Journal published by Medicalhelplines.com Inc (3M) and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Methodologies used for wound healing
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Four stages of wound healing process
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Protection of wound against microorganisms by covering the wound by a porous wound dressing
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Schematic illustration of wound treatment by negative pressure wound therapy
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Schematic illustrator of graphene oxide nanomaterials and their application in tissue engineering, particularly in nerve, muscle, heart, skin, cartilage, dental field, and other tissues

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