Clofarabine Combinations in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Myeloid Blast Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

December 3, 2020 updated by: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

A Prospective Randomized Phase I/II Study of Clofarabine (Clo) and Ara-C vs Clo and Ida vs Clo Plus Ida and Ara-C in Patients With First Relapse or First Salvage of Primary Refractory AML; and High-Grade MDS(>/= 10% Blasts); or CML in Myeloid Blasts Phase as Front Line Therapy or in First Salvage.

The goal is to compare the drug combinations clofarabine/idarubicin/ara-C, clofarabine/ara-C, and clofarabine/idarubicin in the treatment of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, high-grade MDS, or myeloid blast phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia who have relapsed following their initial therapy.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Clofarabine is a new drug that was designed to help treat leukemia. Ara-C and idarubicin are drugs that are commonly used to help treat leukemia.

Before treatment starts, you will be asked questions about your medical history and have a complete physical exam. You will have blood samples (about 1 tablespoon) collected for routine lab tests. You will either have an echocardiogram or a multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan to check on the function of your heart. You will have a sample of bone marrow collected to check on the status of the disease. To collect a bone marrow sample, an area of the hip or chest bone is numbed with anesthetic and a small amount of bone marrow is withdrawn through a large needle. Women who are able to have children must have a negative blood or urine pregnancy test.

After each cycle of therapy, you will not receive the next cycle of chemotherapy until your blood counts have recovered and any possible side effects have gone away (for around 3 to 6 weeks). If the disease gets worse or side effects become too severe, treatment will stop. You must stay in Houston for the first 4 to 6 weeks (average) of treatment and are required to return to Houston to receive each additional cycle of chemotherapy (up to 6 days each cycle).

You will be assigned to receive treatment with clofarabine plus idarubicin and ara-C.

For participants in the clofarabine/idarubicin/ara-C group, the clofarabine will be given by vein over 1 hour once a day for 5 days in a row, on Days 2 to 6 of each cycle. Idarubicin will be given by vein over 30 minutes for 3 days in a row, on Days 1 to 3 of each cycle. Ara-C will be given by vein over 2 hours for 5 days in a row, on Days 1 to 5 of each cycle. Idarubicin is usually started around 1 hour after the completion of clofarabine, and ara-C about 4 hours after the start of the clofarabine infusion. This 6 day period is called a cycle of chemotherapy.

You will receive at least 1 cycle of therapy. If after 1 or 2 cycles of therapy it is found that the disease is responding to therapy, you may continue to receive therapy for up to 4 additional courses of "consolidation therapy". During the "consolidation therapy" you will also be given treatment courses with ara-C alone. When ara-C is given alone it will be given as a continuous infusion, 24 hours a day, for 5 days in a row. You will be given a portable pump so that this treatment can be done as an outpatient. The combination drug courses and the ara-C courses will alternate (ara-C alone, combination, ara-C alone, combination) for a total of 4 courses. If it is found that the disease is not responding to chemotherapy, you will be taken off the study and your doctor will discuss other treatment options with you.

Before you receive each dose of drug(s), you will have a complete physical exam. During treatment, you will have blood (about 1 tablespoon) collected at least once a week during the first 2 courses of therapy, then every 2-4 weeks after. Bone marrow samples will be collected every other week during treatment to check on the status of the disease. The blood and bone marrow samples may be collected more often if your doctor feels it is necessary.

If, at any time, the disease gets worse or you experience any intolerable side effects, you will be taken off the study and your doctor will discuss other treatment options with you.

After your last course of treatment, you will have a follow-up visit scheduled. At this visit, you will have blood (about 1 tablespoon) collected for routine tests. You will have a sample of bone marrow collected to check on the status of the disease. You will also have a repeat echocardiogram or MUGA scan to check on the function of your heart.

This is an investigational study. Clofarabine has been authorized by the FDA to be used in research only. Idarubicin and ara-C are both FDA approved and are commercially available. Up to 120 participants will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at M. D. Anderson.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

116

Phase

  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Texas
      • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
        • UT MD Anderson Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 59 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age >/= 18 years and < 60 years.
  2. Must be in first relapse of AML, or must receive treatment as first salvage in primary refractory AML; or have high-risk MDS (>/= 10% blasts) with not more than one prior regimen of chemotherapy (therapy with hematopoietic growth factors, biological or targeted therapies are not counted). Patients in CML myeloid blast phase may receive clofarabine as frontline therapy or in first salvage.
  3. Total bilirubin </= 2mg/dL, Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) </= 4 upper limit of normal (ULN), creatinine </= 2.0mg/dL.
  4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status </= 2.
  5. Signed informed consent.
  6. Male and female patients who are fertile agree to use an effective barrier method of birth control (ie, latex condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, etc) to avoid pregnancy. Female patients need a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days of study enrollment (applies only if patient is of childbearing potential. Non-childbearing is defined as >= 1 year postmenopausal or surgically sterilized).

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Previous treatment with clofarabine.
  2. Active, uncontrolled, systemic infection considered opportunistic, life threatening, or clinically significant at the time of treatment, or any severe, concurrent disease, which, in the judgment of the investigator and after discussion with the Principal Investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for study entry.
  3. Symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) involvement.
  4. Patients who receive other chemotherapy. Patients must have been off previous therapy of >/= 2 weeks and must have recovered from acute toxicity of all previous therapy prior to enrollment. Treatment may start earlier following discussion with the Principal Investigator.
  5. Cardiac ejection fraction </= 30%.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Clofarabine + Ara-C

Clofarabine 40 mg/m^2 by vein over 1 hour daily for 5 days.

Ara-C Starting dose: 1 g/m^2 by vein over 2 hours for 5 days in a row, on Days 1 to 5 of each cycle.
Drug: Clofarabine 40mg/m^2
40 mg/m^2 by vein over 1 hour daily for 5 days.
Other Names:
  • Clofarex
  • Clolar
Drug: Ara-C 1 g/m^2
1 g/m^2 by vein over 2 hours for 5 days in a row, on Days 1 to 5 of each cycle.
Other Names:
  • Cytosar
  • Cytarabine
  • Cytosar-U®
  • DepoCyt
  • Cytosine arabinosine hydrochloride
Experimental: Clofarabine + Idarubicin

Clofarabine 22.5 mg/m^2 by vein over 1 hour daily for 5 days.

Idarubicin 10 mg/m^2 by vein over 30 minutes, around one hour after clofarabine, for the first 3 days of 5 day cycle.
Drug: Idarubicin 10mg/m^2

10 mg/m^2 by vein over 30 minutes, around one hour after clofarabine, for the first 3 days of 5 day cycle.

Clofarabine + Idarubicin plus Ara-C:

6 mg/m^2 by vein over 30 minutes, around one hour after clofarabine, for the first 3 days of 5 day cycle.

Other Names:
  • Idamycin PFS®
  • Idamycin®,
Drug: Clofarabine 22.5mg/m^2
22.5 mg/m^2 by vein over 1 hour daily for 5 days.
Other Names:
  • Clofarex
  • Clolar
Experimental: Clofarabine + Idarubicin + Ara-C

Clofarabine 22.5 mg/m^2 by vein over 1 hour daily for 5 days.

Idarubicin 6 mg/m^2 by vein over 30 minutes, around one hour after clofarabine, for the first 3 days of 5 day cycle.

Ara-C Starting dose: 0.75 g/m^2 by vein over 2 hours for 5 days in a row, on Days 1 to 5 of each cycle.
Drug: Clofarabine 22.5mg/m^2
22.5 mg/m^2 by vein over 1 hour daily for 5 days.
Other Names:
  • Clofarex
  • Clolar
Drug: Ara-C 0.75 g/m^2
0.75 g/m^2 by vein over 2 hours for 5 days in a row, on Days 1 to 5 of each cycle.
Other Names:
  • Cytosar
  • Cytarabine
  • Cytosar-U®
  • DepoCyt
  • Cytosine arabinosine hydrochloride
Drug: Idarubicin 6 mg/m^2
6 mg/m^2 by vein over 30 minutes, around one hour after clofarabine, for the first 3 days of 5 day cycle.
Other Names:
  • Idamycin PFS®
  • Idamycin®,

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participants With a Response
Time Frame: Up to 6 years
Response assessed by blood test or bone marrow aspirate following day 21 of induction and then every 2 weeks thereafter until remission or non-response. Complete remission (CR): Disappearance all clinical and/or radiologic evidence of disease; Neutrophil count > 1.0 x10^9/L and platelet count >100x10^9/L, and normal bone marrow differential (< 5% blasts). Complete remission without platelet recovery (CRp): Peripheral blood and bone marrow results as for CR, but with platelet counts of > 20 x 10^9/L and < 100 x 10^9/L. Partial remission (PR): Peripheral blood count recovery as for CR, but with decrease in marrow blasts of > 50% and not more than 6-25% abnormal cells in the marrow. All other responses considered as failures.
Up to 6 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Overall Response Rate (ORR)
Time Frame: Up to 6 years
Percentage of participants with complete response following treatment out of all participants in that particular treatment group. Response assessed by blood test or bone marrow aspirate following day 21 of induction and then every 2 weeks thereafter until remission or non-response. Complete remission (CR): Disappearance all clinical and/or radiologic evidence of disease; Neutrophil count > 1.0 x10^9/L and platelet count >100x10^9/L, and normal bone marrow differential (< 5% blasts). Complete remission without platelet recovery (CRp): Peripheral blood and bone marrow results as for CR, but with platelet counts of > 20 x 10^9/L and < 100 x 10^9/L. Partial remission (PR): Peripheral blood count recovery as for CR, but with decrease in marrow blasts of > 50% and not more than 6-25% abnormal cells in the marrow. All other responses considered as failures.
Up to 6 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Collaborators

Genzyme, a Sanofi Company

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Stefan H Faderl, MD, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

December 1, 2003

Primary Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 8, 2003

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 12, 2003

First Posted (Estimate)

August 13, 2003

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

December 8, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 3, 2020

Last Verified

December 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ID03-0181

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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