Effect of an Antioxidant-rich Diet During Moderate Altitude Training (ALTAX)

March 19, 2017 updated by: Rune Blomhoff, University of Oslo

The Effect of an Increased Intake of Antioxidant-rich Foods on Training Adaptation, Redox-balance and Inflammation Among Elite Athletes During a Moderate Altitude Training Camp

Athletes, especially in endurance sports, are at increased risk of oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases and injuries. The production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and inflammatory markers increase during exercise and especially during altitude training. Antioxidant supplementation is commonly used among athletes in the belief that it prevents oxidative stress and oxidative damage. A transient increase of RONS is however necessary to activate signaling cascades initiating training adaptation. Antioxidant supplementation has been shown to inhibit the exercise effects in several independent studies, possibly by interfering/reducing the signal cascades initiated by RONS. However, it is unknown whether a high intake of antioxidant rich foods can affect the amount of RONS, inflammation markers and/or training adaptation. The investigators want to examine whether an increased intake of natural antioxidants in the form of antioxidant-rich foods fruits, vegetables and berries, in line with the official Norwegian dietary advice can affect antioxidant status, immune function and training adaptation associated with altitude training in Norwegian elite athletes.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

35

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Norway
      • Oslo, Norway, 0316
        • University of Oslo
      • Oslo, Norway
        • Norwegian Olympic Federation

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

16 years to 42 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • National team athletes, summer endurance sports

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Allergies in conflict with the intervention foods
  • Use of medication that could affect training and performance
  • Injuries that could affect training and performance

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Antioxidant-rich snacks
The participants received antioxidant-rich snacks every day during 21 days of moderate altitude training (2300 meters above sea level). The snack included fruits and vegetable smoothies, dark chocolate, walnuts, dried fruits and berries.
Other: Antioxidant-rich snacks
Bama Smoothies (Bama, Oslo, Norway), Freia Premium Dark Chocolate (Freia, Oslo, Norway), Walnuts (Eldorado, Norway), Dried fruits and berries (Cranberries, Gojiberries, apricots)(Bama, Oslo, Norway and Rema 1000, Norway)
Placebo Comparator: Control snacks
The participants received antioxidant-depleted snacks every day during 21 days of moderate altitude training (2300 meters above sea level). The snack included milkshake, and other milk-based drinks, biscuits (both sweet and salty), white chocolate.
Other: Control snacks
Milkshake (Tine, Oslo, Norway), YT restitusjonsdrikk (Tine, Oslo, Norway), Bixit (Sætre, Oslo, Norway), Ritz (Mondelez, Oslo, Norway), White chololate (Freia, Oslo, Norway)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Percent change in performance (sport specific tests will be aggregated to one outcome by the use of percent change)
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Cycling: 10 000 m on a bike roller; Rowing: 2000 meter on Concept2-apparatus; Paddling: 1000 meter Concept2-apparatus; Swimming: 200 meter
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Training adaptation
Time Frame: Measured one week before, and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change in Vo2-max
Measured one week before, and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Training adaptation for swimmers
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
For swimming only: 100 meter max speed
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in biomarkers of inflammation
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change in cytokine profile e.g. IL-6 ,TNF, CRP measured by multiplex technology
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change in lean body mass
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
measured by DXA (iDXA; GE Healthcare)
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Bone mineral density
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
measured by DXA (iDXA; GE Healthcare)
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change in fat mass
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
measured by DXA (iDXA; GE Healthcare)
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change in body composition
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
measured by DXA (iDXA; GE Healthcare)
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change in body weight
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
measured by standardized scale
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Dietary intake (change in food and nutrient intake)
Time Frame: Measured one and three week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
measured by repeated 24 hour recalls
Measured one and three week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Change in antioxidant status
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
e.g. FRAP, ORAC, dROM, isoprostanes measured by HPLC
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
biomarkers of antioxidant-rich foods
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
e.g. carotenoids, flavonoids measured by HPLC
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Change in whole blood gene expression
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Fasting blood samples (PAX-tubes) and samples taken after physical stress test (PAX-tubes). RNA will be isolated and gene expression measured
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Change in blood lipids
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Change hormones
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Change in micronutrients
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
e.g. iron status
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change response to stress test
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Change in hemoglobin
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
CO-rebreathing-method
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change in blood volume
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
CO-rebreathing-method
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
change in plasma volume
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
CO-rebreathing-method
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Change in lactate
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Total training load
Time Frame: Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp
Training diary
Measured one week before, during (in week 1 and 3 of the camp) and one week after the moderate altitude training camp

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Oslo

Collaborators

Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
Norwegian Olympic Federation, Oslo, Norway

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

October 1, 2015

Primary Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2015

Study Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 20, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 19, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

March 23, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 23, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 19, 2017

Last Verified

March 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ALTAX

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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