- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04327271
Two-way Texting for VMMC Follow-up in Republic of South Africa (2wT_RSA)
Expanding and Scaling Two-way Texting to Reduce Unnecessary Follow-Up and Improve Adverse Event Identification Among Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Clients in the Republic of South Africa
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
The goals and procedures overview of the randomized control trial (RCT) are to:
Generate SA evidence determining how 2wT increases AE ascertainment while reducing workload via an un-blinded, prospective, non-inferiority, RCT in urban and rural contexts comparing moderate or severe AE rate on or before the Day 14 post-MC visit and average number of in-person follow- ups control and intervention arms. For the RCT, the investigators will enroll 1104 VMMC-seeking, healthy South African men ages 18 and older in the trial, respectively, with cell phones who are seeking VMMC service at up to 5 health facilities/areas (1 urban and 4 rural) for participation in the randomized controlled study of the two-way texting (2wT) intervention. Men in the RCT will be randomly assigned 1:1 to intervention or control condition.
STUDY DESIGN RCT Study overview: The investigators will test if two-way texting (2wT) reduces unnecessary follow-up visits without compromising patient safety using a randomized control trial of 1104 men randomized 1:1 in 1 large, urban VMMC clinic and 4 rural sites clustered within one implementation team.
Study Procedures:
PARTICIPANT OVERVIEW:
• 1104 men in the full study randomized in a 1:1 ratio of texting and control for 552 men in texting and 552 in control (routine care).
- Technology optimization
RECRUITMENT AND INFORMED CONSENT (RCT):
Each site will establish local recruitment and screening methods that operationalize protocol-specified requirements for eligibility determination in a manner that is tailored to and most efficient for the local study setting and target study population. In brief, information about the study will be disseminated at the selected sites. VMMC demand creation as part of routine program practice will support study recruitment. HCW recruited for participation in the study will be reached at their workplaces (the health care facilities) following communication between the study team and the site leadership. VMMC clients will be recruited in the VMMC clinic area. Recruitment will be managed by a specifically-trained study coordinator who will meet with VMMC patients to sensitize them about the opportunity to participate in a study of text-based follow-up; those meeting eligibility criteria will be individually informed by study staff about the opportunity to participate. Interested patients will be referred to the site 2WT study coordinator. This person will meet with patients in a private setting, further explain the study, confirm study eligibility, and seek informed consent. Participant enrollment may be made by teams/clinicians using the Medic Mobile phone/tablet app or the laptop-based system.
RANDOMIZATION PROCESS:
The investigators will conduct randomization using a randomized block design, ensuring that each group of 20 envelopes has 10 intervention and 10 control per block, shuffling each block to ensure a near random order. The full set of 1104 will be numbered before distribution to sites. Each group assignment envelope will be selected by the coordinator and then opened by the participant and shown to the coordinator or 2WT enrollment coordinator. Security envelopes will be used to help prevent selection of assigned group. Subjects within each block are randomly assigned to treatment conditions. This design reduces variability within treatment conditions and potential confounding, allowing for more interim analysis with near equal size groups and more certain randomization within sites.
- Standard VMMC care (Control arm): For the 552 men randomized into the control arm, the investigators follow all NDOH protocols based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines including routine surgical VMMC follow-up on post-surgery days 2, 7 and 21. Patients may seek care outside scheduled visits for suspicion of AEs at any healthcare facility at any time but most often return to their VMMC site. Referral cards for VMMC clients provide local numbers for patients to text, call, or request a call back for emergencies. A standardized approach is used to assess, identify, and record the severity of AEs. All VMMC care, from assessment of all AEs through complete healing, is provided free to clients. Clients who do not return to the clinic for follow-up on Day 2 or Day 7 are considered lost to follow-up (LTFU). For the purposes of this study, control arm VMMC clients will be asked to come in on Day 14 for an additional follow-up visit. Active follow-up by phone call is provided at Day 14.
- VMMC care procedures (2wT arm): The investigators will conduct a prospective, un-blinded, randomized control trial (RCT) among VMMC clients in a 1:1 ratio of control to intervention. Study participants and clinic staff are not masked to treatment. For the 552 men randomized into the intervention arm, men in the 2wT will receive routine VMMC surgical care and counseling, including referral cards for emergencies. 2wT clients will receive automated daily texts from days 1-13. It is free to receive call and texts; it costs approximately $0.04 to send a SMS in RSA. If they respond that they suspect no adverse event, no immediate follow-up action will be taken. If a 2wT VMMC client responds affirmatively to any daily text that he suspects an AE, a VMMC nurse will exchange modifiable, scripted texts with the client to determine the symptoms, frequency, and severity. Then, if deemed necessary, the client will be asked to return to clinic the following day or earlier if an emergency is suspected. AE management will adhere to NDOH standard care. All study participants will be asked to come to the clinic for study-specific, Day 14 follow-up to review healing and verify adverse event reporting. If 2wT patients do not respond to texts or phone and do not return on Day 14, they will be traced by SMS, Phone and up to 2 visits to their home after which they will be considered LTFU. Day 14 was chosen for verification because 95% of all AEs within a similar VMMC program in Zimbabwe are reported Day 14 or earlier, suggesting that most AEs have occurred by this time point. In a previous field study of AEs, the most common AEs of bleeding and infection were found a mean of 6.7 and 9.0 days, respectively, after VMMC, further supporting the 14 day period used in this and a previous study. The Day 14 review will be conducted by routine VMMC providers according to NDOH review guidelines. Day 14 visit may take place between days 13 and 22, depending on logistics, including patient transportation or delays.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
Bojanala
-
Mogwase, Bojanala, South Africa
- Mogwase
-
Phokeng, Bojanala, South Africa
- Bafokeng
-
-
Gauteng
-
Brakpan, Gauteng, South Africa
- Tsakane Clinic
-
Katlehong, Gauteng, South Africa
- Katlehong North Clinic
-
Tembisa, Gauteng, South Africa, 1632
- Winnie Mandela Male Health Clinic
-
-
Limpopo
-
Apel, Limpopo, South Africa, 0739
- Nchabeleng Community Health Centre
-
Dennilton, Limpopo, South Africa, 1030
- Philadelphia Hospital
-
Driekop, Limpopo, South Africa, 1129
- Dilokong Hospital
-
Marble Hall, Limpopo, South Africa, 0450
- Matlala Hospital
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
For VMMC clients:
- are at least 18 years of age or over
- Possession of own phone at enrollment
- Willing to respond to daily text
- Provides contact details (phone, address)
- Undergoes surgical MC
- Willing to follow NDoH VMMC protocols
- No interoperative AE
- Informed consent
- Receives confirmed 2wT enrollment text.
Exclusion Criteria:
For VMMC clients:
- Not meeting above requirements
- Men without cell phones
- Men who chose PrePex device-based VMMC
- Inter-operative AE during VMMC
- No informed consent
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Text-based VMMC follow-up
Follow-up conducted via daily text not through mandatory in person visits.
Men may elect to come to the clinic if concerned about any complications but have no routine, scheduled follow-up visits.
|
2wT clients will receive automated daily texts from days 1-13.
If a 2wT VMMC client responds that he suspects an AE, a VMMC nurse will exchange modifiable, scripted texts with clients to determine symptoms, frequency, and severity.
Then, if deemed necessary, the client will be asked to return to clinic the following day or earlier.
If 2wT patients do not respond to texts or return for any visit by day 14, they will be traced by SMS, phone or home visit.
All study participants will be asked to come to the clinic for study-specific, Day 14 follow-up to review healing and verify adverse event reporting.
At Day 21, we will implement a brief text-based survey with 2wT clients to ascertain complete healing, providing stronger inferences at study completion.
|
No Intervention: Routine VMMC follow-up care
Routine VMMC follow up care with in person visits according to national guidelines.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Cumulative Percentage of Patients With an Adverse Event (AE) (Moderate or Severe) on or Before Day 14 Visit
Time Frame: Any AE before, and including, up to 22 days post VMMC to allow for logistical issues delaying attendance of the Day 14 visit
|
AE rates are a global indicator of VMMC quality.
This is a standard WHO and US PEPFAR government indicator as indicated in the attached reference material: PEPFAR's Best Practices for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Site Operations.
Incidence of AEs before Day 14 will be extracted from routine VMMC data for both 2wT and control.
Incident AEs on Day 14 will be identified, classified, and graded for severity using routine Ministry of Health protocols and recorded on routine VMMC AE forms.
The investigators will compare cumulative rates of any moderate or severe AE on or before Day 14 between groups using Fisher's exact test as the expected number of AEs is low.
The rates will be calculated per arm as: (num moderate plus severe AEs)/(total num VMMC clients who attend 2, 7 or 14 Day follow-up visit).
Multivariate logistic regression models (any AE versus none) will quantify the magnitude of difference, adjusting for any potential confounders
|
Any AE before, and including, up to 22 days post VMMC to allow for logistical issues delaying attendance of the Day 14 visit
|
Number of Non-study In-person Visits
Time Frame: Less than or equal to 42 days post-operative
|
To determine follow-up visit reduction, the investigators will compare the number of in- person visits for intervention and control using a t-test.
|
Less than or equal to 42 days post-operative
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Percent of Adverse Events (AE) Identified /on/ Day 14 Visit
Time Frame: AEs identified during Day 14 visits that occurred only in the window between post-operative days 13-22
|
Percentage of patients with an AE (moderate or severe) identified on the Day 14 in-person visit using AE definitions from: PEPFAR's Best Practices for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Site Operations
|
AEs identified during Day 14 visits that occurred only in the window between post-operative days 13-22
|
Number VMMC-related Severe Adverse Events Over 22 Post-operative Days
Time Frame: Within 22 days post operative
|
The number of severe VMMC AEs over the first 22 post operative days.
The definition of "severe" in this context is any wound requiring re-opening of the wound, such as adding new sutures, from here: PEPFAR's Best Practices for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Site Operations.
These two severe AEs were bleeding, requiring additional compression and resuturing of the wound.
|
Within 22 days post operative
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Caryl Feldacker, PhD, MPH, University of Washington
- Principal Investigator: Geoffrey Setswe, DrPH, MPH, Aurum Institute
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Feldacker C, Murenje V, Barnhart S, Xaba S, Makunike-Chikwinya B, Holeman I, Tshimanga M. Reducing provider workload while preserving patient safety via a two-way texting intervention in Zimbabwe's voluntary medical male circumcision program: study protocol for an un-blinded, prospective, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019 Jul 23;20(1):451. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3470-9.
- Feldacker C, Murenje V, Holeman I, Xaba S, Makunike-Chikwinya B, Korir M, Gundidza PT, Holec M, Barnhart S, Tshimanga M. Reducing Provider Workload While Preserving Patient Safety: A Randomized Control Trial Using 2-Way Texting for Postoperative Follow-up in Zimbabwe's Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 Jan 1;83(1):16-23. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002198.
- Feldacker C, Holeman I, Murenje V, Xaba S, Korir M, Wambua B, Makunike-Chikwinya B, Holec M, Barnhart S, Tshimanga M. Usability and acceptability of a two-way texting intervention for post-operative follow-up for voluntary medical male circumcision in Zimbabwe. PLoS One. 2020 Jun 16;15(6):e0233234. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233234. eCollection 2020.
- Babigumira JB, Barnhart S, Mendelsohn JM, Murenje V, Tshimanga M, Mauhy C, Holeman I, Xaba S, Holec MM, Makunike-Chikwinya B, Feldacker C. Cost-effectiveness analysis of two-way texting for post-operative follow-up in Zimbabwe's voluntary medical male circumcision program. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 30;15(9):e0239915. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239915. eCollection 2020.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- STUDY00009703
- 1R01NR019229-01 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
Clinical Trials on Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
-
University of Alabama at BirminghamCentre for Infectious Disease Research in ZambiaRecruitingVoluntary Medical Male CircumcisionZambia
-
University of North Carolina, Chapel HillBill and Melinda Gates Foundation; FHI 360; Impact Research & Development OrganizationCompletedVoluntary Medical Male Circumcision | Circumcision AdultKenya
-
University of WashingtonUniversity of Zimbabwe; Medic Mobile; International Training and Education Center... and other collaboratorsCompletedVoluntary Medical Male CircumcisionZimbabwe
-
The Aurum Institute NPCCenters for Disease Control and PreventionCompletedMedical Male CircumcisionSouth Africa
-
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire DijonRecruitingMedical Termination of Pregnancy | Voluntary Termination of PregnancyFrance
-
ProgressusUnknownCircumcision, Male | Circumcision Status: Circumcised, Uncircumcised
-
Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityBill and Melinda Gates FoundationCompleted
-
King Saud UniversityUnknownCircumcision, MaleSaudi Arabia
-
Medical University of South CarolinaCompleted
Clinical Trials on Text-based VMMC follow-up
-
University of WashingtonUniversity of Zimbabwe; Medic Mobile; International Training and Education Center... and other collaboratorsCompletedVoluntary Medical Male CircumcisionZimbabwe
-
St. Luke's Health System, Boise, IdahoPatient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; University of Pennsylvania; Columbia... and other collaboratorsActive, not recruitingAdolescent | Depressive Disorder | Depression | Suicidal Ideation | Suicide, Attempted | Suicide | Mental Health | Loneliness | Social Support | Mental Disorder | Outpatients | Ambulatory Care | Continuity of Patient Care | Adult | Secondary Prevention | Emergency Service, Hospital | Mental Health Services | Patient Care Planning and other conditionsUnited States
-
Connolly Hospital BlanchardstownCompletedGeneral Surgery | Outpatients | Virtual Clinic | Text MessagingIreland
-
M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterNational Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health (NIH)CompletedTobacco Use Cessation | Tobacco PreventionUnited States
-
Uppsala UniversityActive, not recruiting
-
Hacettepe UniversityCompletedCovid19 | Cystic Fibrosis | Social IsolationTurkey
-
Region Örebro CountyUniversity of Patras; Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology; Fundacio Clinic... and other collaboratorsActive, not recruitingQuality of Life | Breast Cancer | Prostate Cancer | Toxicity | SurvivorshipSweden, Greece, Spain, United Kingdom
-
Boston Medical CenterSociety of Family PlanningWithdrawnMedical; Abortion, Fetus
-
Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteActive, not recruiting
-
Oslo University HospitalRecruitingKidney Transplant Failure and RejectionNorway