The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19

Qing Ye, Bili Wang, Jianhua Mao, Qing Ye, Bili Wang, Jianhua Mao

Abstract

Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response to external stimuli. The pathogenesis of the cytokine storm is complex. The disease progresses rapidly, and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the severe deterioration of some patients has been closely related to the cytokine storm in their bodies. This article reviews the occurrence mechanism and treatment strategies of the COVID-19 virus-induced inflammatory storm in attempt to provide valuable medication guidance for clinical treatment.

Keywords: 2019-nCoV; Coronavirus; Cytokine storm; Immunomodulation; SARS-CoV-2.

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Mechanism of cytokine storm in COVID-19 and potential therapy. ① Supplement with IFN-λ to activate the innate immunity; ② Using immunomodulator to restore immune balance; ③ Inhibiting the production of cytokines; ④ Scavenging cytokines; ⑤ Inhibiting mononuclear macrophage recruitment and function; ⑥ Strengthening the vascular barrier by activating of the endothelial Slit-Robo4 signal pathway.

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