Clinical Effect Size of an Educational Intervention in the Home and Compliance on People Who Suffer From Stroke
Clinical Effect Size of an Educational Intervention in the Home and Compliance With a Smartphone-based Reminder on People Who Suffer From Stroke: a Protocol Study.
Background. Cognitive, communication and physical weakness combined with environmental changes frequently cause changes in roles, routines and daily occupations. The educational intervention combines the best choice for teaching new behaviours since it involves the active participation of the patient in learning.
Methods. Design. Randomized clinical trial. Participants. Total sample: 80 adults who have suffered a stroke with moderate severity and who have been discharged to their homes.Outcome variables. BI, FIM, MMSE, CNS, SIS-16, TCT, MRS, MSPSS, QLSF, FRT, RT, TUG, TST, a portable dynamometer and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis. Descriptive analyses will include mean and 95% CI of the values for each variable. The Kolmogov-Smirnov (KS) test and a 2x2 mixed model ANOVA will be used. Intergroup effect sizes will be calculated (Cohen's d).
調査の概要
詳細な説明
Background. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term neurological disability in the world. Cognitive, communication and physical weakness combined with environmental changes frequently cause changes in roles, routines and daily occupations. The educational intervention combines didactic and interactive intervention, which combines the best choice for teaching new behaviours since it involves the active participation of the patient in learning. Nowadays there are many types of intervention or means to increase adherence to treatment.
Methods. This study is a randomized clinical trial. Participants. The total sample will consist of 80 adults who have suffered a stroke with moderate severity and who have been discharged to their homes in the 3 months prior to recruitment to the study. Outcome variables. Barthel Index, the Functional Independence Measure, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Canadian Neurological Scale, the Stroke Impact Scale-16, the Trunk Control Test, the Modified Rankin Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Quality of Life Scale for Stroke, the Functional Reach test, the Romberg test, the Time Up and Go, the Timed-Stands Test, a portable dynamometer and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis. Descriptive analyses will include mean and 95% confidence intervals of the values for each variable. The Kolmogov-Smirnov (KS) test and a 2x2 mixed model ANOVA will be used. Intergroup effect sizes will be calculated (Cohen's d).
Sample Size Calculation A power analysis was conducted using the program G*Power 3.1. A priori, a sample of approximately 40 participants per group for the stage 1 intervention is needed to detect a significant difference (17.3 in the FIM) between the experimental group and the control group (effect size d=0.59, alpha=.05, beta=.08). The randomization will be performed by a blinded researcher.
Procedure. Stage 1 will begin with the collection of the participants' demographic data through a questionnaire and by conducting various tests to measure primary and secondary outcome variables. Subsequently, the ergonomics of the home and the implementation of ADL from both the experimental group and the control group will be assessed using the HTAS tool, which was developed by the authors. For the development of the tool, a literature review was performed using the PubMed electronic database and by reviewing different practice guides about stroke. Subsequently, the HTAS tool was evaluated by a panel of experts composed of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, nurses, caregivers, and patients.
Following the assessment of each participant's home and his or her performance of ADL, the therapist will provide the participants of the experimental group with a list of pieces of advice related to the HTAS items that were evaluated negatively. The advice will be aimed at changing the environment in which the participants execute the ADL. This may include facilitation in the execution of the ADL, promoting the active use of the affected side of the body in such execution, or to show them the most appropriate way of performing certain tasks according to their situation after the stroke.
The evaluation of the variables and the execution of the advised tasks will be carried out at participants' homes 2 and 4 weeks following the initial assessment. Researchers will analyze and compare the data obtained from the outcome variables of the experimental group and the control group to check whether the educational intervention was effective in patients who have suffered stroke and who have been discharged to their homes. If the hypothesis is confirmed, the educational intervention would be implemented in the control group.
Stage 2 For the pilot study in stage 2, one group will receive the app reminders on their mobile phones (MPG) and another group will not (NMPG). Placement in the first group depends on whether the participant has a mobile phone and if its characteristics are adapted to the requirements of the study. The app will provide the advice previously given by the therapist in the participants' homes. The timing of reminders will differ for each participant depending on the amount of advice given. However, in the 4 weeks of the app being used, each piece of advice will be given three times. The mobile phone will beep once for each piece of advice and the participant must check and mark the option indicating whether he has or has not complied with the advice. After this period, the outcome variables will be analyzed in both groups to check whether there are differences between the MPGand NMPG groups.
After 8 weeks, and after having removed the app from mobile phones of the MPG, we will reanalyze the outcome variables. Will do this by testing both groups to see whether the MPGparticipants have continued to perform the advised tasks provided by the therapist, and if differences still exist between them and the NGS group. If so, a reminder system will be implemented in the NMPG.
研究の種類
入学 (実際)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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Malaag
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Malaga、Malaag、スペイン、29017
- IBIMA
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Malaga
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Torremolinos、Malaga、スペイン、29620
- Patronato Municipal de deportes de Torremolinos
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
受講資格のある性別
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Acute Stroke (<3 months since the discharge to their homes)
- A score from 20 to 50 on Barthel Index
- A score from 35 to 75 on Functional Independence Measure
Exclusion Criteria:
- Severe cognitive impairment (scoring 0-17 in the Mini-Mental State Examination)
- Inability to walk 3 meters without physical assistance
- Inability to stay standing more than 30 "without physical support
- Serious communication or comprehension problems
- Surgical intervention in lower limbs 12 months prior to recruitment
- Secondary neurological pathology
- Severe cardiovascular, respiratory, orthopedic or metabolic problems
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：処理
- 割り当て：ランダム化
- 介入モデル：クロスオーバー割り当て
- マスキング：独身
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
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介入なし：Control group
Assessment of each participant's home and his or her performance of ADL.
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実験的：Experimental group
Educational intervention: Assessment of each participant's home and his or her performance of ADL and the therapist will provide to the participants of the experimental group a list of advice related to the HTAS items that are evaluated negatively.
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All subjects received an educational intervention consist in an educational advice provides by the therapist to improve the adherence of the treatment.
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実験的：Application smartphone-based group
Smartphone-based application group (SG) sample will have a reminder.
The app will provide the advice previously given by the therapist in the participants' homes.
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All subjects received an educational intervention consist in an educational advice provides by the therapist to improve the adherence of the treatment.
Smartphone-based application group (SG) sample will have a reminder.
The app will provide the advice previously given by the therapist in the participants' homes.
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介入なし：Non Application smartphone-based group
Non Smartphone-based application group (NSG) sample won't have a reminder
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
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Barthel Index
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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The 10-item Barthel Index was published in 1965 as a simple index of functional independence, particularly in personal and domestic activities of daily living. This instrument consists of 10 items on activities of daily living (grooming, dressing, bathing, and bowel and bladder status), each with 2 or 4 response categories (0-3 points).Total score range from 0 to 100. Houlden H, Edwards M, McNeil J, Greenwood R. Use of the Barthel Index and the Functional Independence Measure during early inpatient rehabilitation after single incident brain injury. Clin Rehabil. 2006 Feb;20(2):153-9. Grauwmeijer E, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Haitsma IK, Ribbers GM. A prospective study on employment outcome 3 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Jun;93(6):993-9. Collin C, Wade DT, Davies S, Horne V. The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study. Int Disabil Stud. 1988;10(2):61-3. |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
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Canadian Neurological Scale
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Provides a standardized neurological assessment of cognitive and motor function in stroke patients (alert or drowsy). Used to assess alertness in stroke patients. Includes the following assessments: Level of consciousness, Orientation, Aphasia and Motor strength. Assessments of motor function are separated into two sections: A1: administered if patient is able to understand and follow instructions, and A2: administered in the presence of comprehension deficits. Rehab Measures - Canadian Neurological Scale [Internet]. Rehabil. Meas. Database. [cited 2013 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=906 |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Stroke impact scale-16
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Assesses health status following stroke. The SIS-16 is a short version os SIS 3.0 and it consists of 16 items capturing daily activities. Total score range from 16 to 80. Rehab Measures - Stroke Impact Scale [Internet]. Rehabil. Meas. Database. [cited 2013 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=934 |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Mini-Mental State Examination
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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A brief screening tool to provide a quantitative assessment of cognitive impairment and to record cognitive changes over time. The MMSE consists of 11 simple questions or tasks grouped into 7 cognitive domains. Levels of impairment have been classified as (Tombaugh & McIntyre 1992): None: score = 24-30; Mild: score = 18-24 and Severe: score = 0-17. Rehab Measures - Mini-Mental State Examination [Internet]. Rehabil. Meas. Database. [cited 2013 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=912 |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Functional Independence Measure
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Provides a uniform system of measurement for disability based on the International Classification of Impairment, Disabilities and Handicaps; measures the level of a patient's disability and indicates how much assistance is required for the individual to carry out activities of daily living. Contains 18 items composed of 13 motor tasks and 5 cognitive tasks (considered basic activities of daily living. Tasks are rated on a 7 point ordinal scale that ranges from total assistance (or complete dependence) to complete independence. Desrosiers J, Rochette A, Noreau L, Bravo G, Hébert R, Boutin C. Comparison of two functional independence scales with a participation measure in post-stroke rehabilitation. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2003 Sep;37(2):157-72. Houlden H, Edwards M, McNeil J, Greenwood R. Use of the Barthel Index and the Functional Independence Measure during early inpatient rehabilitation after single incident brain injury. Clin Rehabil. 2006 Feb;20(2):153-9. |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Trunk Control Test
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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TCT measures four simple aspects of trunk movement. 4 items (rolling to weak side, rolling to strong side, balance in sitting position, sit up from lying down). Total score range: 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum, indicating better performance). Rehab Measures - Trunk Control Test [Internet]. Rehabil. Meas. Database. [cited 2013 Oct 14]. Available from: http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=1058 |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Modified Rankin Handicap Scale
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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MRHS categorizes level of functional independence with reference to pre-stroke activities. Assessment is carried out by asking the patient about their activities of daily living, including outdoor activities. Information about the patient's neurological deficits on examination, including aphasia and intellectual deficits, should be obtained. Rehab Measures - Modified Rankin Handicap Scale [Internet]. Rehabil. Meas. Database. [cited 2013 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=921 |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Perceived Social Support Scale
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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EASP consist in 12 items about social support in four groups: family, friends and other significant people. The range of score fro each item is from 1 to 7. Arechabala Mantuliz MC, Miranda Castillo c. Validación de una escala de apoyo social percibido en un grupo de adultos mayores adscritos a un programa de hipertensión de la región metropolitana. Cienc Enfermería. 2002 Jun;8(1):49-55. |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Quality of Life Scale for Stroke
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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ECVI-38 consist of 38 items grouped in 8 domains. This instrument measure the quiality of life after stroke. Each item is scored from 1 to 5. Concepción OF, Pérez ER, Alvarez MA, Zuaznábar MAB. Validación de la escala de calidad de vida para el ictus (ECVI-38). Rev Neurol. 2008;46(3):147-52. |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Functional Reach test
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Assesses a patient's stability by measuring the maximum distance an individual can reach forward while standing in a fixed position. Scores are determined by assessing the difference between the start and end position is the reach distance, usually measured in inches. Rehab Measures - Functional Reach Test / Modified Functional... [Internet]. Rehabil. Meas. Database. [cited 2013 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=950&Source=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Erehabmeasures%2Eorg%2Frehabweb%2Fallmeasures%2Easpx%3FPageView%3DShared |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Romberg Test
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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RT measure the balance. Romberg stance with open and closed eyes, and a one-legged stance. Juul-Kristensen B, Clausen B, Ris I, Jensen R, Steffensen R, Chreiteh S, et al. Increased neck muscle activity and impaired balance among females with whiplash-related chronic neck pain: A cross-sectional study. J Rehabil Med. 2013;45(4):376-84. |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Time Up and Go
時間枠：Baseline; 8; 18 and 28 weeks
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Assesses mobility, balance, walking ability, and fall risk in older adults. The patient sits in the chair with his/her back against the chair back. On the command "go", the patient rises from the chair, walks 3 meters at a comfortable and safe pace, turns, walks back to the chair and sits down. Rehab Measures - Timed Up and Go [Internet]. Rehabil. Meas. Database. [cited 2013 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=903 |
Baseline; 8; 18 and 28 weeks
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Strength testing with a portable dynamometer
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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The portable dynamometer is reliable for testing upper extremity muscle groups.
Agre JC, Magness JL, Hull SZ, Wright KC, Baxter TL, Patterson R, et al.
Strength testing with a portable dynamometer: reliability for upper and lower extremities.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1987 Jul;68(7):454-8.
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Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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Timed-stands test
時間枠：Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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TST measures the of lower body strength. The TST provides a reasonably reliable and valid indicator of lower body strength in generally active, community-dwelling older adults. Jones CJ, Rikli RE, Beam WC. A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1999 Jun;70(2):113-9. |
Change from Baseline to 2, 4, 12 and 22 weeks
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協力者と研究者
スポンサー
捜査官
- 主任研究者：Antonio I Cuesta Vargas, PhD、University of Malaga
出版物と役立つリンク
一般刊行物
- Crocker TF, Brown L, Lam N, Wray F, Knapp P, Forster A. Information provision for stroke survivors and their carers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 23;11(11):CD001919. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001919.pub4.
- Merchan-Baeza JA, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Cuesta-Vargas A. Clinical effect size of an educational intervention in the home and compliance with mobile phone-based reminders for people who suffer from stroke: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2015 Mar 10;4(1):e33. doi: 10.2196/resprot.4034.
便利なリンク
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
一次修了 (実際)
研究の完了 (実際)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (見積もり)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
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