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Abuse Liability of Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes Within a Complex Tobacco Marketplace

2021年8月26日 更新者:Warren K. Bickel、Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tobacco regulatory policies can have unanticipated consequences; therefore, methods that would permit prospective estimates of the effects of potential tobacco regulations are necessary for the development of tobacco regulatory science. The goal of this project is to experimentally assess how smokers purchase and consume reduced-nicotine cigarettes. In experiment 1, we will investigate how purchasing/consuming reduced-nicotine cigarettes is related to nicotine content and absorption. In experiment 2, we will investigate how purchasing/consuming changes when other nicotine products are available in an experimental marketplace setting. The proposed projects can directly inform tobacco regulation by providing estimates of the real-world effects of novel policies.

調査の概要

詳細な説明

The specific objective in Experiment 1 is to examine the effect of nicotine content (0.4 mg/g, 1.4 mg/g, 2.5 mg/g, 5.6 mg/g, and 17.4 mg/g of tobacco) and blood nicotine absorption on laboratory behavioral economic measures of demand intensity and elasticity. Under double-blind conditions, we will examine the relationship between plasma nicotine and cigarette demand as a function of the dose of the nicotine in the cigarettes. Regular cigarette smokers will consume, on separate sessions, controlled puffs of a cigarette containing a blinded dose of nicotine then complete a cigarette purchase task, our measure of value, while plasma nicotine is measured. We hypothesize that cigarette demand will be associated with dose and level of circulating nicotine, but in a nonlinear fashion such that consumption of very low dose cigarettes will not be predicted by nicotine dose or intake alone.

To inform how various products may interact, we have developed and tested a novel method called the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace. The Experimental Tobacco Marketplace is a systematic extension of similar marketplace methods used with other consumer products (e.g., food marketplaces used in obesity and other nutrition-related research; Epstein, Dearing, Roba, & Finkelstein, 2010). In experimental marketplaces, multiple products are available and the experimenter controls the prices for each. These marketplaces can be either physical or virtual stores (similar to online retailers) and permit the examination of demand elasticity and intensity and degree of substitution or complementarity in consumer behavior under conditions that approximate naturalistic settings.

Experiment 2 will extend findings from the first experiment examining the effects of different concentrations of nicotine in cigarettes (0.4mg/g, 1.4mg/g, 2.5mg/g, 5.6mg/g, 17.4mg/g) and blood nictotine absorption on laboratory behavioral economic demand measures. Employing this innovative Experimental Tobacco Marketplace, we propose to examine reduced-nicotine cigarettes under the following conditions: 1) control conditions where lower dose nicotine cigarettes are the only available product in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace and where the tobacco marketplace is similar to the current real-world marketplace (i.e., no lower dose nicotine cigarettes, but a variety of other tobacco products); 2) lower dose nicotine cigarettes are available with a number of other nicotine products excluding conventional cigarettes; and 3) lower dose nicotine cigarettes are available with a number of other nicotine products including conventional cigarettes.

研究の種類

介入

入学 (実際)

305

段階

  • 適用できない

連絡先と場所

このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。

研究場所

    • Virginia
      • Roanoke、Virginia、アメリカ、24016
        • Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

18年~65年 (大人、高齢者)

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

はい

受講資格のある性別

全て

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

  • smoke at least 5 cigarettes per day
  • have a breath carbon monoxide (CO) level of at least 10 ppm at intake
  • no immediate plans to quit smoking.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • pregnant, lactating, plans to become pregnant
  • weigh more than 110lbs (experiment 1 only)
  • have plans to move out of the area during the course of the experiment

To see if you are eligible, use the following confidential link: http://vtcri.info/arrcclinicaltrials

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか?

デザインの詳細

  • 主な目的:基礎科学
  • 割り当て:ランダム化
  • 介入モデル:並列代入
  • マスキング:ダブル

武器と介入

参加者グループ / アーム
介入・治療
実験的:Single arm
All participants will complete the same experimental events across 6 laboratory sessions.
Across six laboratory sessions, participants will consume 10 puffs of either their usual brand of cigarette (one session) or a SPECTRUM cigarette (five sessions) with a nicotine yield varying from 0.03 to 0.70 and either menthol (TPMF codes NRC 103, NRC 201, NRC 301, NRC 401, and NRC 601) or tobacco (TPMF codes NRC 102, NRC 200, NRC 300, NRC 400, and NRC 600) flavor, depending on preference. This will be followed by the collection of blood nicotine content and a cigarette purchase task.
実験的:0.4 mg/g Concentration
Participants in this arm will experience the 0.4 mg/g Concentration
Participants will be assigned one of the nicotine concentrations of a SPECTRUM cigarette. They will complete a cigarette purchase task and make real purchases for the next week. Participants will return and make purchases again, repeating 4 times.
実験的:1.3 mg/g Concentration
Participants in this arm will experience the 1.3 mg/g Concentration
Participants will be assigned one of the nicotine concentrations of a SPECTRUM cigarette. They will complete a cigarette purchase task and make real purchases for the next week. Participants will return and make purchases again, repeating 4 times.
実験的:2.4 mg/g Concentration
Participants in this arm will experience the 2.4 mg/g Concentration
Participants will be assigned one of the nicotine concentrations of a SPECTRUM cigarette. They will complete a cigarette purchase task and make real purchases for the next week. Participants will return and make purchases again, repeating 4 times.
実験的:5.2 mg/g Concentration
Participants in this arm will experience the 5.2 mg/g Concentration
Participants will be assigned one of the nicotine concentrations of a SPECTRUM cigarette. They will complete a cigarette purchase task and make real purchases for the next week. Participants will return and make purchases again, repeating 4 times.
実験的:15.8 mg/g Concentration
Participants in this arm will experience the 15.8 mg/g Concentration
Participants will be assigned one of the nicotine concentrations of a SPECTRUM cigarette. They will complete a cigarette purchase task and make real purchases for the next week. Participants will return and make purchases again, repeating 4 times.

この研究は何を測定していますか?

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Estimated Cigarettes Taken at Free Price Derived From the Cigarette Purchase Task
時間枠:10 minutes after cigarette administration
The Cigarette Purchase Task is a behavioral economic measure of abuse liability that consists of a series of hypothetical questions asking participants to indicate how many cigarettes they would purchase for their own consumption across a range of cigarette prices. Participants smoked one cigarette and then were asked to report how many cigarettes they would smoke within a 24 hour period at the following prices: $0.00 (free), $0.01, $0.05, $0.10, $0.25, $0.50, $1, $2, $5, $10, $25, $50, $100, $200. Nonlinear regression was then used to estimate the number of cigarettes participants would take when they were free using the equation by Koffarnus et al. (2015; doi:10.1037/pha0000045). The outcome is the logarithmically transformed number of cigarettes.
10 minutes after cigarette administration
Change in Blood Nicotine Content Over the Course of the Session
時間枠:Each session (6 sessions total) with at least 2 days between each session.
For participants in the single arm only, blood will be collected throughout each session and analyzed for nicotine content. The change in blood nicotine content over the course of the session will be compared among the six sessions where different cigarettes were administered. Blood nicotine (expressed in ng/mL) at minute 0 was subtracted from blood nicotine at minutes 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 to yield a change in blood nicotine (negative values were truncated to 0) at each of the time points. Using these change in blood nicotine values, we calculated Area Under the Curve (AUC) via the trapezoidal rule, which resulted in a singular number (total change in blood nicotine over the course of each experimental session) in our primary outcome measure.
Each session (6 sessions total) with at least 2 days between each session.
Experimental Marketplace Purchases
時間枠:Sessions 2-5 with each session conducted one week apart (for 4 weeks total)
In all arms except the single arm, measures of quantities of experimental cigarettes and other nicotine products will be obtained.
Sessions 2-5 with each session conducted one week apart (for 4 weeks total)

協力者と研究者

ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。

捜査官

  • 主任研究者:Warren K Bickel, PhD、Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (実際)

2017年1月1日

一次修了 (実際)

2019年11月1日

研究の完了 (実際)

2019年11月1日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2016年10月27日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2016年10月28日

最初の投稿 (見積もり)

2016年11月1日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2021年9月22日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2021年8月26日

最終確認日

2021年8月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

その他の研究ID番号

  • R01DA042535 (米国 NIH グラント/契約)

この情報は、Web サイト clinicaltrials.gov から変更なしで直接取得したものです。研究の詳細を変更、削除、または更新するリクエストがある場合は、register@clinicaltrials.gov。 までご連絡ください。 clinicaltrials.gov に変更が加えられるとすぐに、ウェブサイトでも自動的に更新されます。

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