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Effects of Aquatic Exercise in Older Adults With Sarcopenia:A Randomized Trial

2026年8月17日 更新者：Seda Aydın、Gaziosmanpasa Research and Education Hospital

Effects of Aquatic Exercise Program on Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, Physical Performance and Quality of Life in Older Adults With Sarcopenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, leading to increased risk of falls, functional decline, and reduced quality of life. Exercise interventions, particularly resistance training, are effective in managing sarcopenia; however, land-based exercises may be challenging for older adults due to balance impairments, joint problems, and fear of falling.

Pool-based exercise programs may offer a safe and feasible alternative, as water buoyancy reduces joint loading while providing resistance to support muscle strengthening. Despite these potential benefits, evidence regarding the effects of aquatic exercise in individuals with sarcopenia remains limited, especially in Türkiye.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 6-week supervised pool-based exercise program on muscle strength, muscle morphology, physical performance, mood, and quality of life in individuals aged 65 years and older with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia will be identified using the Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio (STAR), based on ultrasound measurements of anterior thigh muscle thickness. In addition, appendicular skeletal muscle mass will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (ASM/height²).

Outcome measures will include ultrasound-based muscle thickness, STAR, muscle strength, functional performance tests, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Assessments will be performed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 1-month follow-up.

調査の概要

状態

募集

条件

介入・治療

詳細な説明

Participants aged 65 years and older who present to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic and volunteer to participate in the study will be screened for sarcopenia. Individuals diagnosed with definite sarcopenia according to the ISarcoPRM diagnostic algorithm will be included in the study.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of a 6-week supervised pool-based exercise program on muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle morphology, physical performance, mood, and health-related quality of life.

Muscle strength will be assessed using a handgrip dynamometer and the Five Times Chair Stand Test. Muscle mass will be evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass will be calculated. Gait speed will be assessed using the 4-meter walking test. Balance and mobility will be evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Physical performance will be assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Psychological status will be evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale, and health-related quality of life will be assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire.

In addition, anterior thigh muscle thickness will be measured using musculoskeletal ultrasound. The Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio (STAR) will be calculated by dividing anterior thigh muscle thickness by body mass index, providing an ultrasound-based assessment of muscle quantity and quality.

All participants will undergo a supervised pool-based exercise program for 6 weeks. The exercise program will be designed to improve muscle strength, balance, and functional performance.

All outcome measures will be evaluated at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), immediately after completion of the 6-week exercise program, and at 1 month following the end of the intervention.

研究の種類

介入

入学 (推定)

44

段階

  • 適用できない

連絡先と場所

このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。

研究連絡先

研究場所

  • トルコ（Türkiye）
    • Istanbul
      • Istanbul、Istanbul、トルコ（Türkiye）、34255
        • 募集
        • Gaziosmanpasa Research and Education Hospital
        • コンタクト：
      • Istanbul、Istanbul、トルコ（Türkiye）、34255
        • 募集
        • University of Health Sciences Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital
        • コンタクト：

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

  • 高齢者

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

いいえ

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ≥65 years
  2. Diagnosis of "definite sarcopenia" according to the ISarcoPRM diagnostic algorithm
  3. Not receiving nutritional supplementation and not requiring nutritional support according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
  4. Sufficient cognitive ability to understand and follow instructions, including study-related questions and the home exercise program
  5. Voluntary participation in the study
  6. Ability to ambulate independently (assistive devices such as a cane are allowed; however, fully dependent individuals will be excluded)

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Inability to complete assessment tests and questionnaires
  2. Presence of severe systemic disease that may contraindicate exercise
  3. Severe visual or hearing impairment
  4. Presence of a cardiac pacemaker
  5. Severe cardiopulmonary disease
  6. Uncontrolled hypertension
  7. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  8. Receiving nutritional supplementation
  9. Severe anemia
  10. Conditions contraindicating hydrotherapy, including aquaphobia (fear of water), behavioral disorders, dyspnea at rest, urinary or fecal incontinence, known chlorine allergy, open wounds, acute systemic illness, epilepsy, tracheostomy, indwelling drainage devices, and immunodeficiency

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか？

デザインの詳細

  • 主な目的：処理
  • 割り当て：ランダム化
  • 介入モデル：並列代入
  • マスキング：独身

武器と介入

参加者グループ / アーム
介入・治療
実験的：Aquatic Exercise Plus Home Exercise Group
Participants in this group will receive an aquatic exercise program in addition to a standardized home exercise program. The aquatic exercise program will be conducted under supervision and will include exercises aimed at improving muscle strength, balance, and physical performance. The home exercise program will be prescribed to be performed regularly throughout the study period.
行動：Aquatic Exercise Program
The aquatic exercise program will be conducted under supervision in a pool environment for a total of 15 sessions over 6 weeks. The program will consist of 2 sessions per week during the first 3 weeks and 3 sessions per week during the last 3 weeks. Each session will include structured exercises designed to improve muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older adults with sarcopenia. Participants will also continue a standardized home exercise program throughout the study period.
他の名前：
  • アクアティック セラピー
  • Hydrotherapy Exercise
  • Pool Exercise Program
  • Water-Based Exercise Training
行動：Home Exercise Program
Participants in the control group will perform a standardized home exercise program for a total of 6 weeks. The program will consist of exercises designed to improve muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older adults with sarcopenia. Participants will be instructed to perform the exercises regularly at home throughout the study period. No supervised aquatic exercise or additional intervention will be provided.
アクティブコンパレータ：Home Exercise Only Group
Participants in this group will receive only a standardized home exercise program. The program will include exercises targeting muscle strength and physical function and will be performed regularly throughout the study period.
行動：Home Exercise Program
Participants in the control group will perform a standardized home exercise program for a total of 6 weeks. The program will consist of exercises designed to improve muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older adults with sarcopenia. Participants will be instructed to perform the exercises regularly at home throughout the study period. No supervised aquatic exercise or additional intervention will be provided.

この研究は何を測定していますか？

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Five Times Sit to Stand Test
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Lower extremity muscle strength and functional performance will be evaluated using the Five Times Chair Stand Test. The time required to complete five sit-to-stand repetitions will be recorded in seconds..
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up

二次結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio (STAR)
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Anterior thigh muscle thickness will be measured using musculoskeletal ultrasound, and the Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio (STAR) will be calculated by dividing muscle thickness by body mass index (BMI, kg/m²).
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Handgrip Strength
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Muscle strength will be assessed using a handgrip dynamometer (Jamar). Grip strength will be recorded in kilograms.
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASM/height²)
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass will be measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). ASM will be calculated as the sum of lean mass of all four extremities and normalized to height squared (kg/m²).
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
4-Meter Gait Speed Test
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Gait speed will be assessed using the 4-meter walking test, and walking speed will be recorded in meters per second.
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Physical performance will be evaluated using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which includes balance, gait speed, and chair stand tests. Scores range from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better performance.
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Mobility and functional performance will be evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test. The time required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit down will be recorded in seconds.
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Berg Balance Scale
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Balance will be assessed using the Berg Balance Scale, consisting of 14 items evaluating static and dynamic balance. Total scores range from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating better balance performance.
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-u
Depressive symptoms will be assessed using the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), a self-report questionnaire designed to evaluate depressive symptoms in older adults. Total scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptom severity.
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-u
SF-36 Quality of Life Scale
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), which evaluates multiple domains including physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, and mental health. Scores for each domain range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Anterior Thigh Muscle Thickness
時間枠：Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up
Anterior thigh muscle thickness will be measured using musculoskeletal ultrasound. STAR (Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio) will be calculated by dividing anterior thigh muscle thickness by body mass index.
Baseline, immediately after the 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-treatment follow-up

協力者と研究者

ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。

スポンサー

Gaziosmanpasa Research and Education Hospital

出版物と役立つリンク

研究に関する情報を入力する責任者は、自発的にこれらの出版物を提供します。これらは、研究に関連するあらゆるものに関するものである可能性があります。

一般刊行物

便利なリンク

研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (実際)

2026年4月1日

一次修了 (実際)

2026年8月17日

研究の完了 (推定)

2026年12月1日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2026年4月28日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2026年5月4日

最初の投稿 (実際)

2026年5月8日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2026年8月18日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2026年8月17日

最終確認日

2026年7月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

キーワード

追加の関連 MeSH 用語

その他の研究ID番号

  • E-10840098-202.3.02-6633

個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画

個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?

いいえ

IPD プランの説明

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to ethical and privacy considerations. The dataset contains sensitive personal and health-related information, and participants did not provide consent for public data sharing. Data may be made available in aggregated form upon reasonable request.

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米国FDA規制機器製品の研究

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