Effects of Resistance Training on Women With Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Impact of Strength Training on Mental Health and Physical Fitness in Women With Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a condition where women lose their menstrual periods, typically due to a combination of stress and insufficient calorie intake to fuel their daily physical activity (low energy availability). Standard medical advice often requires these women to completely stop exercising to recover their energy balance and hormones. However, this "complete rest" approach can cause severe anxiety for active individuals and removes the necessary mechanical loading that keeps bones strong.
This study evaluates the safety and effectiveness of an 8-week supervised resistance training (weightlifting) program as a realistic alternative treatment for active women with FHA. The researchers compare a group of women experiencing FHA to a control group of women with regular menstrual cycles. Over the 8 weeks, participants complete three moderate-intensity, full-body weightlifting sessions per week.
The primary goal is to determine if women with FHA can successfully recover their menstrual cycles while continuing to lift weights. Additionally, the study monitors changes in muscle strength, jumping performance, body composition, resting heart rate, and psychological well-being. Ultimately, this study aims to provide healthcare providers and coaches with evidence-based strategies that allow female athletes to safely maintain their athletic identity and physical health during recovery.
調査の概要
状態
研究の種類
入学 (推定)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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Murcia
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Murcia、Murcia、スペイン、30107
- Universidad Católica de Murcia
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
- 高齢者
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- General Profile: Active women aged 18 to 35 years.
- FHA Group: Clinical diagnosis of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea, defined as the absence of menstruation for at least three consecutive months not attributable to other endocrine disorders.
- Control Group (EU): Eumenorrheic women with regular ovulatory cycles lasting between 24 and 35 days during the previous six months.
- Commitment: Agreement to participate in a supervised 8-week resistance training program and provision of medical documentation confirming menstrual status.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Hormonal Status: Current use of any hormonal contraceptives.
- Medical Conditions: Diagnosed endocrine disorders such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hyperandrogenism, or thyroid dysfunction.
Pregnancy: Current pregnancy.
- Physical Activity History: Engagement in any structured resistance training program during the three months prior to the start of the intervention.
- General Health: Any medical condition that could interfere with the study protocol or the ability to perform physical exercise.
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：処理
- 割り当て：非ランダム化
- 介入モデル：並列代入
- マスキング：なし（オープンラベル）
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
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実験的：Women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (absence of menses for at least three consecutive mont
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Supervised 8-week resistance training program consisting of three non-consecutive full-body sessions per week. Each session included four multi-joint exercises targeting upper and lower body muscle groups. Training dosage: Volume: Two working sets of 6-8 repetitions per exercise. Intensity: Individualized loads progressed weekly from 60% to 80% of estimated 1RM. 1RM was estimated using the Epley equation. Effort: Performed at 0-1 repetitions in reserve (RIR). Rest:Standardized 1-minute intervals between sets. Adherence was tracked via a mobile application, recording load, sets, repetitions, and session RPE. Training was conducted under professional supervision to ensure safety and protocol compliance. |
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実験的：Eumenorrheic women with regular ovulatory cycles (24-35 days) performing the same 8-week supervised
|
Supervised 8-week resistance training program consisting of three non-consecutive full-body sessions per week. Each session included four multi-joint exercises targeting upper and lower body muscle groups. Training dosage: Volume: Two working sets of 6-8 repetitions per exercise. Intensity: Individualized loads progressed weekly from 60% to 80% of estimated 1RM. 1RM was estimated using the Epley equation. Effort: Performed at 0-1 repetitions in reserve (RIR). Rest:Standardized 1-minute intervals between sets. Adherence was tracked via a mobile application, recording load, sets, repetitions, and session RPE. Training was conducted under professional supervision to ensure safety and protocol compliance. |
この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Incidence of Menstrual Recovery
時間枠：8 weeks
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Number of participants in the Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA) group who experience at least one spontaneous menstrual bleeding episode during the 8-week intervention.
Menstrual status is monitored daily using non-invasive methods: self-reported menstrual diaries and basal body temperature (BBT) tracking with a digital thermometer (SENTI2) to identify hormonal fluctuations.
Recovery is defined as the occurrence of the first menses post-intervention commencement.
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8 weeks
|
二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Neuromuscular Performance (Lower Limb Power)
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
|
Evaluation of lower-limb power through the Countermovement Jump (CMJ) test performed on a force platform.
Jump height (cm) and power output (W/kg) were recorded to assess neuromuscular adaptations.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
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Change in Neuromuscular Performance (Upper Limb Power)
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
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Evaluation of upper-limb strength through handgrip dynamometry testing.
Grip strength (kg) was recorded to assess changes in maximal upper-limb force production.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
|
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Change in Body Mass
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
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Evaluation of body mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Body mass (kg) will be assessed before and after the intervention to monitor changes associated with menstrual recovery and the exercise intervention.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
|
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Change in Fat Mass
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
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Evaluation of fat mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Fat mass (%) will be assessed before and after the intervention to determine body composition changes during menstrual recovery.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
|
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Change in Body Mass Index
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
|
Body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) will be calculated from body mass and height measurements to evaluate anthropometric changes following the intervention.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
|
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Change in Health-Related Quality of Life
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
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Assessment of psychological well-being using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire.
This tool evaluates eight health domains, with total scores ranging from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate better health status and quality of life.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
|
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Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
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A 19-item questionnaire generating seven component scores and one global score used to assess sleep quality.
The global PSQI score ranges from 0 to 21 points, with higher scores reflecting poorer sleep quality.
A global score >5 indicates poor sleep quality.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
|
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Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
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The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) is a 25-item instrument designed to assess risk factors associated with low energy availability in physically active females, including menstrual function, gastrointestinal symptoms, and injury history.
The questionnaire provides a total score ranging from 0 to 25 points, with higher scores indicating greater risk of low energy availability and related conditions.
A total score ≥8 is considered indicative of increased risk for low energy availability and the Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S).
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Baseline and 8 weeks
|
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Eating Attitudes Test
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
|
The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a 26-item questionnaire assessing symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders.
It provides a total score and three subscales: dieting, bulimia and food preoccupation, and oral control.
Total scores range from 0 to 78 points, with higher scores indicating greater disordered eating symptomatology.
A total score ≥20 suggests potentially problematic eating behaviors and risk of eating disorders.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
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Menstrual Distress Questionnaire
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
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The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) is a 22-item Likert-scale questionnaire designed to assess physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle.
The questionnaire provides a total score ranging from 22 to 110 points, with higher scores indicating greater menstrual-related distress and symptom severity.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
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Change in Cardiac Autonomic Regulation
時間枠：Baseline and 8 weeks
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Assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) through the root mean square of successive differences between adjacent R-R intervals recorded via a heart rate monitor at rest.The following variables were obtained: mean R-R interval (RR, ms) and the root mean square of successive differences between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD, ms), to assess autonomic nervous system activity and cardiac autonomic modulation.
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Baseline and 8 weeks
|
協力者と研究者
出版物と役立つリンク
一般刊行物
- Bunt S, Steverink N, Andrew MK, Schans CPV, Hobbelen H. Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Social Vulnerability Index for Use in the Dutch Context. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Nov 14;14(11):1387. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14111387.
- Cahoon EK, Nadyrov EA, Polyanskaya ON, Yauseyenka VV, Veyalkin IV, Yeudachkova TI, Maskvicheva TI, Minenko VF, Liu W, Drozdovitch V, Mabuchi K, Little MP, Zablotska LB, McConnell RJ, Hatch M, Peters KO, Rozhko AV, Brenner AV. Risk of Thyroid Nodules in Residents of Belarus Exposed to Chernobyl Fallout as Children and Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jul 1;102(7):2207-2217. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3842.
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (推定)
一次修了 (推定)
研究の完了 (推定)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
追加の関連 MeSH 用語
その他の研究ID番号
- CE052508
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