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The Effect of Acupressure Application on Respiratory Performance and Pain Levels in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

2026年8月14日 更新者：Ruhat Tilki、Fenerbahce University

The Effect of Acupressure Application on Respiratory Performance and Pain Levels in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of acupressure on respiratory performance and pain levels in adult patients who have undergone open-heart surgery. Pulmonary complications and severe pain are common after cardiac surgery, often limiting the effectiveness of standard deep breathing exercises such as incentive spirometry. This study investigates whether applying acupressure-a non-invasive complementary therapy-can help manage postoperative pain and improve respiratory capacity. By potentially reducing pain without the respiratory side effects associated with pharmacological medications, acupressure may enable patients to perform their breathing exercises more effectively and support their overall recovery.

調査の概要

状態

まだ募集していません

条件

介入・治療

詳細な説明

Cardiovascular diseases remain a major global health burden. While open-heart surgery is a vital treatment for many cardiac conditions, it is characterized by a high risk of complications and a long recovery period. Postoperative pulmonary complications, including hypoxemia, pneumonia, atelectasis, and respiratory failure, are prevalent among these patients. To prevent these issues and restore lung expansion, the regular use of an incentive spirometer is a standard and essential component of nursing care in the cardiovascular surgical intensive care unit.

However, severe postoperative pain restricts patients' ability to take deep breaths, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of incentive spirometry and increases the risk of lung complications. Furthermore, pharmacological agents commonly used for pain management can cause adverse effects like respiratory depression. This has directed nursing practice toward non-pharmacological, complementary symptom management strategies.

Acupressure is a non-invasive complementary therapy rooted in traditional medicine, involving the application of physical pressure to specific acupoints. Current literature indicates that stimulating specific points, such as LU7 (Lieque) and PC6 (Neiguan), can regulate autonomic nervous system activities, increase parasympathetic tone, and improve overall respiratory function. Although its potential in general symptom management is recognized, clinical evidence regarding the direct impact of acupressure on respiratory performance in post-cardiac surgery intensive care patients remains highly limited. This study aims to address this gap by determining the physiological and clinical effects of acupressure on both pain levels and respiratory capacity in this specific patient population.

研究の種類

介入

入学 (推定)

114

段階

  • 適用できない

連絡先と場所

このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。

研究連絡先

研究連絡先のバックアップ

  • 名前：Ayda Kebapçı, Assc. Prof.
  • 電話番号：+90 536 858 91 14
  • メール：akebapci@ku.edu:tr

研究場所

  • トルコ（Türkiye）
    • Sancaktepe
      • Istanbul、Sancaktepe、トルコ（Türkiye）、34785
        • Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Sancaktepe Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
        • コンタクト：

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

  • 大人
  • 高齢者

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

いいえ

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18 years and older.
  • Undergoing cardiac surgery for the first time.
  • Extubated and hemodynamically stable in the postoperative period.
  • A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15.
  • Absence of arterial or venous catheters, incisions, hematomas, ecchymoses, or any skin lesions/deformities at the acupressure application sites.
  • No analgesic medication administered within the last four hours.
  • No known neuromuscular diseases that could affect respiratory muscle strength or performance.
  • Ability to speak Turkish and absence of any communication barriers.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Development of postoperative complications (e.g., severe arrhythmia, need for re-intubation, active bleeding).
  • Receiving sedation in the intensive care unit.
  • Presence of chronic pain syndrome or regular use of opioids/analgesics.
  • Known psychiatric disorders.

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか？

デザインの詳細

  • 主な目的：支持療法
  • 割り当て：ランダム化
  • 介入モデル：並列代入
  • マスキング：独身

武器と介入

参加者グループ / アーム
介入・治療
実験的：Acupressure Group
Acupressure will be applied to the LI4 (Hegu) (on the dorsum of the hand, between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones), LU7 (Lieque) (on the radial side of the forearm, approximately 3.75 cm [1.5 cun] above the wrist crease), and PC6 (Neiguan) (on the palmar aspect of the forearm, approximately 5 cm [2 cun] above the wrist crease) acupoints (Appendix-4), which are reported in the literature to positively affect pain and the respiratory system. The intervention will be performed by a researcher holding an acupressure certification. Using the thumb, index finger, or middle finger, pressure will be applied to the identified LI4, LU7, and PC6 points to a depth of 1 to 1.5 cm for 10 seconds. After a 2-second release, the pressure will be continued for 2 minutes (Düzel et al., 2023; Vanzini et al., 2021; Narimani et al., 2018).
行動：Acupressure
Acupressure will be applied to the LI4 (Hegu) (on the dorsum of the hand, between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones), LU7 (Lieque) (on the radial side of the forearm, approximately 3.75 cm [1.5 cun] above the wrist crease), and PC6 (Neiguan) (on the palmar aspect of the forearm, approximately 5 cm [2 cun] above the wrist crease) acupoints (Appendix-4), which are reported in the literature to positively affect pain and the respiratory system. The intervention will be performed by a researcher holding an acupressure certification. Using the thumb, index finger, or middle finger, pressure will be applied to the identified LI4, LU7, and PC6 points to a depth of 1 to 1.5 cm for 10 seconds. After a 2-second release, the pressure will be continued for 2 minutes (Düzel et al., 2023; Vanzini et al., 2021; Narimani et al., 2018).
行動：Incentive spirometry

The study will use a triflow device, which consists of three separate chambers and a breathing tube with a mouthpiece. The chambers contain colored balls corresponding to flow volumes of 600, 900, and 1200 mL/sec, respectively. An inspiratory flow of 600 mL/sec raises the ball in the first chamber, an inspiratory flow of 900 mL/sec raises the ball in the second chamber, and an inspiratory flow of 1200 mL/sec raises the ball in the third chamber (Amin et al., 2021).

To measure inspiratory flow rate and volume, patients will be instructed to seal their lips tightly around the triflow mouthpiece, ensuring no gaps remain. Patients will be asked to take a deep and slow breath to raise the balls. Subsequently, to measure expiratory flow rate and volume, they will be asked to remove the mouthpiece, hold their breath for 3 to 5 seconds, and then exhale normally (Gökçe et al., 2025).
偽コンパレータ：Placebo Acupressure Group
In the placebo acupressure group, all procedural steps will be performed in the exact same manner as in the true acupressure group. However, very light pressure will be applied to sham areas located 1.5 cm away from the LI4, LU7, and PC6 acupoints that do not fall on any meridian. Using the thumb, index finger, or middle finger, this very light pressure will be applied to each point for 10 seconds, followed by a 2-second rest, continuing for 2 minutes per point. The application will be performed bilaterally and will take an average of 15 minutes. Following the procedure, a 20-minute resting period will be provided.
行動：Incentive spirometry

The study will use a triflow device, which consists of three separate chambers and a breathing tube with a mouthpiece. The chambers contain colored balls corresponding to flow volumes of 600, 900, and 1200 mL/sec, respectively. An inspiratory flow of 600 mL/sec raises the ball in the first chamber, an inspiratory flow of 900 mL/sec raises the ball in the second chamber, and an inspiratory flow of 1200 mL/sec raises the ball in the third chamber (Amin et al., 2021).

To measure inspiratory flow rate and volume, patients will be instructed to seal their lips tightly around the triflow mouthpiece, ensuring no gaps remain. Patients will be asked to take a deep and slow breath to raise the balls. Subsequently, to measure expiratory flow rate and volume, they will be asked to remove the mouthpiece, hold their breath for 3 to 5 seconds, and then exhale normally (Gökçe et al., 2025).

行動：Placebo Acuprresure
In the placebo acupressure group, all procedural steps will be performed in the exact same manner as in the true acupressure group. However, very light pressure will be applied to sham areas located 1.5 cm away from the LI4, LU7, and PC6 acupoints that do not fall on any meridian. Using the thumb, index finger, or middle finger, this very light pressure will be applied to each point for 10 seconds, followed by a 2-second rest, continuing for 2 minutes per point. The application will be performed bilaterally and will take an average of 15 minutes. Following the procedure, a 20-minute resting period will be provided.
アクティブコンパレータ：control group
Patients in this group will receive only standard postoperative nursing care and routine incentive spirometry exercises.
行動：Incentive spirometry

The study will use a triflow device, which consists of three separate chambers and a breathing tube with a mouthpiece. The chambers contain colored balls corresponding to flow volumes of 600, 900, and 1200 mL/sec, respectively. An inspiratory flow of 600 mL/sec raises the ball in the first chamber, an inspiratory flow of 900 mL/sec raises the ball in the second chamber, and an inspiratory flow of 1200 mL/sec raises the ball in the third chamber (Amin et al., 2021).

To measure inspiratory flow rate and volume, patients will be instructed to seal their lips tightly around the triflow mouthpiece, ensuring no gaps remain. Patients will be asked to take a deep and slow breath to raise the balls. Subsequently, to measure expiratory flow rate and volume, they will be asked to remove the mouthpiece, hold their breath for 3 to 5 seconds, and then exhale normally (Gökçe et al., 2025).

この研究は何を測定していますか？

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Inspiratory and Expiratory Airflow Volume and Rate
時間枠：Evaluated before and immediately after the intervention (acupressure, placebo acupressure, or standard triflow exercise).
Airflow rate (mL/sec) and volume (mL) will be measured using a three-chamber incentive spirometer (triflow). The average of the three highest values obtained during five inspirations and five expirations will be recorded.
Evaluated before and immediately after the intervention (acupressure, placebo acupressure, or standard triflow exercise).
Postoperative Pain Severity
時間枠：Evaluated before and immediately after the intervention.
Pain severity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain).
Evaluated before and immediately after the intervention.

二次結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
State and Trait Anxiety Levels
時間枠：State and Trait anxiety is evaluated right before and 20 minutes after the intervention.
Anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which consists of 40 items on a 4-point Likert scale. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating higher anxiety levels.
State and Trait anxiety is evaluated right before and 20 minutes after the intervention.
Chest Tube Removal Time
時間枠：Up to hospital discharge, an average of 7 days.
The duration from the end of the surgical procedure until the removal of the chest tube. This outcome will be measured and reported in hours.
Up to hospital discharge, an average of 7 days.

協力者と研究者

ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。

スポンサー

Fenerbahce University

捜査官

  • 主任研究者：Ayda Kebapçı, Assc. Prof.、Koc University

研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (推定)

2026年9月21日

一次修了 (推定)

2027年9月21日

研究の完了 (推定)

2027年9月21日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2026年8月11日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2026年8月14日

最初の投稿 (実際)

2026年8月18日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2026年8月18日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2026年8月14日

最終確認日

2026年8月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

キーワード

追加の関連 MeSH 用語

その他の研究ID番号

  • 23.2026fbu

個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画

個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?

はい

IPD プランの説明

De-identified individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the published article will be shared.

IPD 共有時間枠

Data will be available beginning 6 months and ending 36 months following article publication.

IPD 共有アクセス基準

Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for secondary analyses. Requests should be directed to the central contact person via email.

IPD 共有サポート情報タイプ

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP

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