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Sleep Quality - Comparing the Effect of Ondansetron or Dexamethasone Given as Routine Prophylaxis Intraoperatively to Prevent Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (SCORPION) (SCORPION)

2026年8月18日 更新者：Telethon Kids Institute

Sleep Quality - Comparing the Effect of Ondansetron or Dexamethasone Given as Routine Prophylaxis Intraoperatively to Prevent Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are common complications after anaesthesia, and anaesthetists routinely give medications to prevent them. Dexamethasone and ondansetron are the two most commonly used agents and have a long safety record. However, their effects on sleep, behaviour, and overall recovery are not well studied. Understanding these will guide future care. The aim of this study is to determine if dexamethasone or ondansetron given during an anaesthetic affect post-operative sleep, behaviour and recovery in children.

Patients enrolled in the study will be randomised to receive either dexamethasone or ondansetron during their procedure. This randomisation will be blinded to patients, their families and their treating anaesthetist. Information about the patient's pain, recovery and sleep will be collected over 7 days post-operatively using online surveys.

A subset of patients will also be asked to complete additional pre-operative non-invasive monitoring using an oximeter and an actigraph to measure their sleep quality before and after surgery. In addition to the postoperative surveys, these patients will be asked to wear the oximeter and actigraph for 3 nights before and immediatey after surgery. Patients who are admitted overnight postoperatively will also have additional transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring on the night of their surgery.

調査の概要

状態

まだ募集していません

条件

介入・治療

詳細な説明

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are a common complication after anaesthesia. Therefore, it is standard practice to administer either ondansetron and/or dexamethasone intraoperatively as prophylaxis. PONV affects up to 30-40% of the general surgical population and up to 80% of high-risk patients, making it one of the most distressing complications of the perioperative period.Uncontrolled PONV prolongs recovery room stay, increases unplanned hospital re-admissions, and is consistently identified by patients and families as one of the most undesirable aspects of the surgical experience. It was ranked in the top 10 research priorities in perioperative medicine in a recent large consumer engagement study involving over 350 children.

Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, are the two most widely used agents for PONV prophylaxis in paediatric anaesthesia, often administered in combination.Dexamethasone exerts well-documented glucocorticoid effects, including modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, suppression of endogenous cortisol secretion, and direct actions on brain structures involved in arousal and sleep regulation, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and limbic system.a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) has been shown to produce measurable HPA axis suppression lasting 24-48 hours postoperatively in children, as well as transient elevations in blood glucose and behavioural changes including hyperactivity, irritability, and emotional lability.

Sleep is a critical component of paediatric postoperative recovery. Disrupted postoperative sleep has been associated with increased pain perception, impaired immune function, heightened parental anxiety, and prolonged behavioural disturbance following surgery. Glucocorticoids are known to disrupt sleep architecture, including fragmentation of sleep, suppression of slow-wave sleep, and reductions in total sleep time. In children, the effects of a single perioperative dose of dexamethasone on sleep remain poorly characterised. In contrast, ondansetron does not directly affect the HPA axis or glucocorticoid receptors, and its central effects are limited primarily to 5-HT3 receptor blockade, with no established direct mechanism for sleep disruption. Postoperative negative behavioural changes (PNBC) in children, sometimes referred to as "new-onset behavioural problems", are a recognised sequela of paediatric anaesthesia and surgery, affecting up to 54% of children in the first 2 weeks following surgery. The potential role of perioperative dexamethasone in exacerbating these changes through glucocorticoid-mediated effects on the developing brain has not been systematically examined. Understanding whether the choice of PONV prophylaxis agent influences postoperative sleep quality and behaviour could have important implications for anaesthetic practice and family-centred postoperative care.

This study aims to investigate the impact of intraoperative intravenous dexamethasone vs ondansetron administered for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) on postoperative sleep, behaviour and recovery in children undergoing general anaesthesia.

研究の種類

介入

入学 (推定)

500

段階

  • フェーズ 4

連絡先と場所

このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。

研究連絡先

研究連絡先のバックアップ

研究場所

  • オーストラリア
    • Western Australia
      • Perth、Western Australia、オーストラリア、6009
        • Perth Children's Hospital
        • 副調査官：
          • David Sommerfield, MD
        • 副調査官：
          • Neil Hauser, MD
        • 副調査官：
          • Nazim Khan, PHD
        • コンタクト：
        • コンタクト：
        • 副調査官：
          • Mon Ohn, MD
  • ブラジル
    • São Paulo
      • São Paulo、São Paulo、ブラジル
        • Hospital das Clínicas
        • コンタクト：
        • 主任研究者：
          • Vinícius Quintão, MD PHD
      • São Paulo、São Paulo、ブラジル
        • Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto
        • コンタクト：
        • 主任研究者：
          • Ricardo Vieira Carlos, MD

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

  • 子

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

いいえ

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged 2 - 15 years,
  • Undergoing general anaesthesia for minor ambulatory surgery or procedures with a maximum of 1 overnight stay postoperatively
  • ASA I or III

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Currently taking regular dexamethasone or ondansetron
  • Currently taking regular steroids, including inhaled corticosteroids
  • Anaesthetic plan to give dual PONV prophylaxis
  • Known hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed
  • Language barriers impeding data collection
  • Department for Child Protection and Family Support is involved in their care
  • Planned admissions to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)
  • Oncology patients
  • Severe developmental delay
  • ASA III or above
  • Significant cardiorespiratory conditions

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか？

デザインの詳細

  • 主な目的：防止
  • 割り当て：ランダム化
  • 介入モデル：並列代入
  • マスキング：4倍

武器と介入

参加者グループ / アーム
介入・治療
アクティブコンパレータ：Dexamethasone Group
Dexamethasone will be sourced from the hospital pharmacy as standard registered medications. The study drug will be prepared by independent clinical staff to ensure individualised, correct dosing. Dexamethasone will be administered intravenously at 0.2 mg/kg (maximum 8 mg) at the start of procedure.The patient-specific dose of the investigational product will be diluted to 2ml with normal saline to ensure blinding of the anaesthetist in charge of the patient. The trial will mimic this institutional standard practice by providing two syringes to every treating anaesthetist. The first syringe will contain the patient's dose of dexamethasone diluted to 2mL, the second syringe will contain 2mL of normal saline.
薬：Dexamethasone (IV)
Dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg, maximum 8 mg) will be diluted to 2mL with normal saline and administered intravenously at the start of procedure.
アクティブコンパレータ：Ondansetron Group
Ondansetron will be administered intravenously at 0.15 mg/kg (maximum 4 mg) 15-30 min before the end of surgery. The dose will be diluted to 2ml with normal saline to ensure blinding by the anaesthetist. The study drug will be prepared by independent clinical staff to ensure individualised, correct dosing. The first syringe will contain 2mL of normal saline, the second syringe will contain the patient's dose of ondansetron diluted to 2mL.
薬：Ondansetron iv
Ondansetron (0.15mg/kg, maximum 4mg) will be diluted to 2mL with normal saline and administered intravenously 15-30 minutes before the end of surgery

この研究は何を測定していますか？

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Compare parent-reported sleep quality on day 1 post-op between children receiving intravenous dexamethasone and children receiving intravenous ondansetron during their anaesthetic.
時間枠：Sleep quality will be assessed on day 1 post-surgery
Parent-reported sleep quality will be measured on a 0 - 10 point scale, where 0 is terrible sleep and 10 is excellent sleep.
Sleep quality will be assessed on day 1 post-surgery

二次結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Compare parent-reported sleep quality preoperatively and on postoperative days 2,3,5 and 7 between children who received dexamethasone and children who received ondansetron intraoperatively.
時間枠：Parent-reported preoperative sleep quality will be collected on the day of surgery and postoperatively on days 2,3,5 and 7.
Sleep quality is measured on a 0 -10 point scale, where 0 is terrible sleep and 10 is excellent sleep.
Parent-reported preoperative sleep quality will be collected on the day of surgery and postoperatively on days 2,3,5 and 7.
Compare child-reported (if child is aged over 8 years) sleep quality on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7 between children receiving intravenous dexamethasone and children receiving intravenous ondansetron during their anaesthetic.
時間枠：child reported sleep quality will be measure don days 1, 2, and 7 postoperatively
Child reported sleep quality will be measured on a 0 - 10 point scale, where 0 is terrible sleep and 10 is excellent sleep
child reported sleep quality will be measure don days 1, 2, and 7 postoperatively
Compare parent reported postoperative recovery on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 between children in the dexamethasone group and children in the ondasetron group
時間枠：Postoperative recovery will be measured postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7
Postoperative recovery will be measured using the Pediatric Scale for Quality of Recovery (PedSQoR). The overall score will range from 20 to 100, higher scores indicate a better quality of recovery or a more complete recovery.
Postoperative recovery will be measured postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7
Compare parent reported postoperative behaviour on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 between children in the dexamethasone group and children in the ondasetron group
時間枠：postoperative behaviour will be measured on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7
Postoperative behaviour will be measured using the the Post-Hospitalisation Behaviour Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS). The scores range from 11 - 55. Higher scores indicate increased behavioural changes post-surgery,
postoperative behaviour will be measured on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7
Compare parent reported average and maximum pain score on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 or until the child has returned to normal function between children in the dexamethasone group and children in the ondasetron group
時間枠：postoperative pain will be measured on days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 or until the child returns to normal function.
Parent reported post-operative pain will be measured using the Verbal Rating Scale 0 - 10 [VRS] where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst possible pain.
postoperative pain will be measured on days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 or until the child returns to normal function.
Comparison of sleep disturbances at baseline and 7 days post-surgery between children in the dexamethasone group and children in the ondasetron group
時間枠：Sleep disturbance will be measured at baseline on the day of surgery in the pre-operative holding area and on postoperative day 7
Sleep disturbance will be measured using the Patient Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) Parent Proxy Sleep Disturbance - Short Form 8a. Higher scores indicate more severe sleep disturbances as reported by the parent
Sleep disturbance will be measured at baseline on the day of surgery in the pre-operative holding area and on postoperative day 7
Comparison of the incidence of early postoperative nausea and vomiting between children in the dexamethasone group and children in the ondansetron group
時間枠：From PACU arrival until 6 hours postoperatively or hospital discharge, whichever comes first.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting will as self-reported by the patient or parent reported
From PACU arrival until 6 hours postoperatively or hospital discharge, whichever comes first.
Comparison of the use of rescue medication for postoperative nausea and vomiting between children in the dexamethasone group and children in the ondansetron group
時間枠：from PACU arrival until 6 hours postoperatively or hospital discharge, whichever comes first
Rescue medications given will be as recorded on the patient's medication chart
from PACU arrival until 6 hours postoperatively or hospital discharge, whichever comes first
Determine the impact of the Snoring, Trouble Breathing and Unrefreshed (STUBR) questionnaire on postoperative recovery
時間枠：STUBR questionnaire will be administered preoperatively and recovery will be assessed on postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
postoperative recovery will be measured using the Pediatric Scale for Quality of Recovery (PedSQoR)
STUBR questionnaire will be administered preoperatively and recovery will be assessed on postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Determine the impact of the Snoring, Trouble Breathing and Unrefreshed (STUBR) questionnaire on postoperative sleep
時間枠：Parent reported sleep quality will be measured on postopeative days 1,2,3,5, and 7. Child reported sleep quality (if the child is older than 8 years) will be measured on postoperative days 1,2, and 7.
Parent-reported and child-reported sleep quality will be measured on a 0 - 10 point scale, where 0 is terrible sleep and 10 is excellent sleep.
Parent reported sleep quality will be measured on postopeative days 1,2,3,5, and 7. Child reported sleep quality (if the child is older than 8 years) will be measured on postoperative days 1,2, and 7.
Impact of sedative premedication on postoperative delirium
時間枠：Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Emergence delirium will be assessed by the post-operative recovery nurse using the WATCHA Scale. The WATCHA Scale is scored from 0 (asleep) to 4 (thrashing around). Scores greater than or equal to 2 on this scale are indicative of emergence delirium.
Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met

その他の成果指標

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Impact of sedative premedication on postoperative delirium
時間枠：Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Emergence delirium will be assessed by the post-operative recovery nurse using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The PAED scale consists of 5 items and is scored on a 5 point scale (not at all, just a little, quite a bit, very much, extremely). higher scores are indicative of emergence delirium, the maximum score is 20 and minimum score is 0.
Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Impact of sedative premedication on postoperative recovery
時間枠：Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Postoperative recovery will be measured using the Pediatric Scale for Quality of Recovery (PedSQoR). The overall score will range from 20 to 100, higher scores indicate a better quality of recovery or a more complete recovery.
Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Impact of sedative premedication on postoperative sleep
時間枠：postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
sleep quality will be measured on a 0 - 10 point scale, where 0 is terrible sleep and 10 is excellent sleep.
postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Impact of anaesthesia management on postoperative delirium
時間枠：Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Emergence delirium will be assessed by the post-operative recovery nurse using the WATCHA Scale. The WATCHA Scale is scored from 0 (asleep) to 4 (thrashing around). Scores greater than or equal to 2 on this scale are indicative of emergence delirium.
Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Impact of anaesthesia management on postoperative recovery
時間枠：Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Postoperative recovery will be measured using the Pediatric Scale for Quality of Recovery (PedSQoR). The overall score will range from 20 to 100, higher scores indicate a better quality of recovery or a more complete recovery.
Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Impact of anaesthesia management on postoperative sleep
時間枠：postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
sleep quality will be measured on a 0 - 10 point scale, where 0 is terrible sleep and 10 is excellent sleep.
postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Impact of induction compliance on postoperative delirium
時間枠：Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria is met
postoperative delirium will be measured using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The PAED scale consists of 5 items and is scored on a 5 point scale (not at all, just a little, quite a bit, very much, extremely). higher scores are indicative of emergence delirium, the maximum score is 20 and minimum score is 0.
Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria is met
Impact of induction compliance on postoperative recovery
時間枠：Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Postoperative recovery will be measured using the Pediatric Scale for Quality of Recovery (PedSQoR). The overall score will range from 20 to 100, higher scores indicate a better quality of recovery or a more complete recovery.
Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Impact of induction compliance on postoperative sleep
時間枠：Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Sleep quality will be measured on a 0 - 10 point scale, where 0 is terrible sleep and 10 is excellent sleep.
Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Time of first drink postoperatively between patients in the dexamethasone group and patients in the ondansetron group
時間枠：Post-operatively on the day of surgery (day 0) from the time the patient is first awake in the post anaesthetic care unit until they are discharged from the hospital (day 0 or day 1 post-op) assessed in hours.
time of first drink as recorded in medical records
Post-operatively on the day of surgery (day 0) from the time the patient is first awake in the post anaesthetic care unit until they are discharged from the hospital (day 0 or day 1 post-op) assessed in hours.
Time of first food postoperatively between patients in the dexamethasone group and patients in the ondansetron group
時間枠：Post-operatively on the day of surgery (day 0) from the time the patient is first awake in the post anaesthetic care unit until they are discharged from the hospital (day 0 or day 1 post-op) assessed in hours.
Time of first drink as recorded in medical records
Post-operatively on the day of surgery (day 0) from the time the patient is first awake in the post anaesthetic care unit until they are discharged from the hospital (day 0 or day 1 post-op) assessed in hours.
Assessment of the parental and child satisfaction with the perioperative experience.
時間枠：Postoperative days 1 and 7
Assessed on a 5-point Likert scale - very dissatisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, neutral, somewhat satisfied, very satisfied
Postoperative days 1 and 7
Compare the incidence of emergence delirium between patients in the dexamethasone group and patients in the ondasetron group
時間枠：Post-operatively from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Emergence delirium will be measured using the WATCHA scale. The WATCHA Scale is scored from 0 (asleep) to 4 (thrashing around). Scores greater than or equal to 2 on this scale are indicative of emergence delirium.
Post-operatively from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Compare the incidence of emergence delirium between patients in the dexamethasone group and patients in the ondansetron group
時間枠：Post-operatively from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Emergence delirium will be assessed by the post-operative recovery nurse using the Pediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale in the post anaesthetic care unit (PACU). The PAED scale consists of 5 items and is scored on a 5 point scale (not at all, just a little, quite a bit, very much, extremely). higher scores are indicative of emergence delirium, the maximum score is 20 and minimum score is 0.
Post-operatively from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Compare the incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events between patients in the dexamethasone group and patients in the ondansetron group
時間枠：PRAE will be assessed by the anaesthetist intraoperatively - during anaesthetic induction, maintenance and emergence and postoperatively by the recovery nurse while in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU).
Perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAE) are defined as: Major PRAE: laryngospasm or bronchospasm (as determined by the anaesthetist or recovery nurse) or desaturation <85% SpO2 for more than 1 minute on pulse oximetry. Minor PRAE: desaturation (<95% SpO2 for more than 10 seconds on pulse oximetry), airway obstruction, severe coughing, post-operative stridor. Each individual PRAE (laryngospasm, bronchospasm, desaturation, airway obstruction, severe persistent coughing and post-operative stridor) will be considered separately. PONV will be assessed by observing any incidence of nausea or vomiting post-operatively, and any administration of antiemetic medication.
PRAE will be assessed by the anaesthetist intraoperatively - during anaesthetic induction, maintenance and emergence and postoperatively by the recovery nurse while in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU).
Compare the incidence of unplanned medical representations for pain or any other reason between patients in the dexamethasone group and patients in the ondansetron group
時間枠：Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Parent-reported presentations to the emergency department, outpatient clinics or patient's GP
Postoperative days 1,2,3,5, and 7
Comparison of overnight actigaraphy monitoring between patients who opted in for monitoring in the ondansetron group and patients in the dexamethasone group
時間枠：Patients will wear the monitor for 3 nights preoperatively and 3 nights postoperatively
Actigraphy will be measured using the Actigraph GT9X
Patients will wear the monitor for 3 nights preoperatively and 3 nights postoperatively
Comparison of preoperative and post operative overnight pulse oximetry monitoring between patients in the dexamethasone group and patients in the ondansetron group
時間枠：Patients will wear the oximeter for 3 nights preoperatively and 3 nights postoperatively
Pulse oximetry will me measured using a wrist-worn pulse oximeter device (WristOx 3150)
Patients will wear the oximeter for 3 nights preoperatively and 3 nights postoperatively
Compare the transcutaneous carbon dioxide levels on the night of surgery between patients in the dexamethasone group and patients in the ondansetron group
時間枠：Monitoring will be done postoperatively on the night of surgery for an estimate of 12 hours overnight from approximately 7pm day 0 to 7am on day 1 post surgery (if patient is admitted)
Transcutaneous carbon dioxide will be measured using the non-invasive digital monitoring system, SenTec.
Monitoring will be done postoperatively on the night of surgery for an estimate of 12 hours overnight from approximately 7pm day 0 to 7am on day 1 post surgery (if patient is admitted)
Compare the postoperative outcomes between neurotypical and neurodiverse children
時間枠：Parent reported ADHD or Autism diagnosis will be collected preoperatively.
Neurodiversity will be assessed via parent report of whether the child has a formal diagnosis of autism and/or ADHD, as well as parent completion of a brief item set based on DSM-5-TR criteria for autism and ADHD in childhood (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) as well as the Perth Autism Scale.
Parent reported ADHD or Autism diagnosis will be collected preoperatively.
Impact of anaesthesia management on postoperative delirium
時間枠：Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Emergence delirium will be assessed by the post-operative recovery nurse using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The PAED scale consists of 5 items and is scored on a 5 point scale (not at all, just a little, quite a bit, very much, extremely). higher scores are indicative of emergence delirium, the maximum score is 20 and minimum score is 0.
Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria met
Impact of induction compliance on postoperative delirium
時間枠：Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria is met
postoperative delirium will be measured using the WATCHA scale. The WATCHA Scale is scored from 0 (asleep) to 4 (thrashing around). Scores greater than or equal to 2 on this scale are indicative of emergence delirium.
Delirium will be assessed from PACU arrival until PACU discharge criteria is met

協力者と研究者

ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。

スポンサー

Telethon Kids Institute

協力者

University of Sao Paulo General Hospital
Child and Adolescent Health Service - Perth
Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto

研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (推定)

2026年8月17日

一次修了 (推定)

2029年8月17日

研究の完了 (推定)

2029年8月17日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2026年7月23日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2026年8月18日

最初の投稿 (実際)

2026年8月20日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2026年8月20日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2026年8月18日

最終確認日

2026年5月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

キーワード

追加の関連 MeSH 用語

その他の研究ID番号

  • RGS0000008604

個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画

個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?

いいえ

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米国FDA規制医薬品の研究

いいえ

米国FDA規制機器製品の研究

いいえ

米国で製造され、米国から輸出された製品。

いいえ

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