Visual and Neural Responses to Naked-Eye 3-D Viewing
Multimodal Ocular and Neural Responses to Naked-Eye 3-D Display Exposure: A Prospective Self-Controlled Study
This multicenter study examines short-term changes in visual fatigue and eye function after glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) viewing in healthy adults. The study is conducted at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center in Guangzhou and Beijing Tongren Hospital in Beijing. Participants complete assessments immediately before and after a 30-minute 3D viewing session and serve as their own controls. The main outcome is the change in self-reported visual fatigue score. Other assessments, according to the procedures approved at each site, may include eye and binocular vision tests, symptom questionnaires, and electroencephalography (EEG). Where approved, additional viewing sessions examine different display settings, including binocular disparity and image crosstalk.
調査の概要
詳細な説明
Glasses-free 3D displays create a perception of depth without requiring 3D glasses. Viewing these displays may place demands on binocular vision and visual comfort. This study evaluates immediate responses to a standardized viewing session using subjective ratings and clinical measurements.
This is a multicenter, self-controlled study at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Eligible adults provide written informed consent before any study procedures. Each participant completes assessments immediately before viewing standardized glasses-free 3D content for 30 minutes and immediately after viewing.
The primary outcome is the within-participant change in current visual fatigue score, rated on a 0-to-3 scale, from before to after the viewing session. Secondary assessments may include tear film stability, accommodation, ocular alignment, other binocular vision measures, subjective symptoms, and EEG measures, as specified in the applicable site-approved protocol. At sites where additional sessions are approved, predefined display settings may be used to examine responses to different levels of binocular disparity or image crosstalk.
Participants may pause or stop viewing if they experience discomfort. Study staff record symptoms and interruptions during the session. Analyses will describe within-participant changes and account for differences between study sites where combined analysis is appropriate.
研究の種類
入学 (実際)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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Beijing、中国
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis Technology and Equipment for Optic Nerve-Related Eye Diseases, National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmology
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
受講資格のある性別
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ranges 18-40 years old at the time of screening.
- Best-corrected visual acuity ≥0.8 in both eyes.
- Normal stereopsis confirmed via clinical stereo test.
- Spherical equivalent refractive error between -6.00 diopters and +3.00 diopters.
- Astigmatism ≤2.00 D and no clinically significant anisometropia.
- No history of ocular surgery, eye disease, neurological disorder, mental illness or cognitive impairment that affects visual performance.
- Able to understand study procedures and finish all ophthalmological and electroencephalogram examinations.
- Voluntarily provides written informed consent before any study-related operation.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Younger than 18 years or older than 40 years.
- Best-corrected visual acuity less than 0.8 in either eye.
- Impaired or abnormal stereoscopic vision.
- Unqualified refractive error, obvious anisometropia.
- History of keratitis, glaucoma, retinal disease and other organic eye diseases.
- Any history of corneal or intraocular surgery.
- Systemic disease, brain disease and psychiatric disease interfering with visual function.
- 1. Refuses or cannot complete all three sub-experiment sessions and repeated multimodal tests.
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：ヘルスサービス研究
- 割り当て：なし
- 介入モデル：単一グループの割り当て
- マスキング：なし（オープンラベル）
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
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他の：Naked-Eye 3D Visual Exposure Arm
Participants view standardized glasses-free 3D content for 30 minutes. Visual fatigue and other approved outcomes are assessed immediately before and after viewing. Where specified in the site-approved protocol, participants may complete additional sessions with predefined binocular disparity or image crosstalk settings. |
Participants view standardized content on a glasses-free 3D display for 30 minutes per session. The display, viewing distance, content, and environmental conditions are documented. Additional sessions using predefined binocular disparity or image crosstalk settings are conducted only where included in the approved study procedures. |
この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) Score
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Validated Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). A higher score represents stronger perceived visual burden induced by stereoscopic display. The continuous numeric SSQ scores obtained pre- and post-exposure will be compared by means of a paired-samples t-test, provided that the normality assumption is satisfied; otherwise, the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test will be adopted. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Change in accommodative response (Diopters)
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Paired comparison of accommodative response value before and after stereoscopic exposure to assess accommodation adaptation induced by naked-eye 3D display. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in distance phoria (prism diopters)
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Quantify pre-post shift of far-distance binocular alignment after naked-eye 3D viewing. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in near phoria (prism diopters)
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Evaluate alteration of near binocular alignment before and after stereoscopic visual exposure. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Detect pre-post variation of AC/A ratio reflecting binocular coordination adaptation under 3D stimulation. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in non-invasive tear break-up time (seconds)
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Compare pre-post tear film stability to evaluate ocular surface burden from prolonged 3D viewing. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in best-corrected visual acuity (LogMAR)
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Assess transient fluctuation of corrected visual acuity after naked-eye 3D exposure. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in intraocular pressure (mmHg)
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Measure pre-post intraocular pressure variation following stereoscopic viewing. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in near stereoacuity
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Detect alteration of depth perception ability before and after naked-eye 3D stimulation. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Spectral amplitude of theta, alpha, beta and gamma EEG frequency bands
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Compare pre-post power amplitude of four core brain wave bands to reflect cortical activation changes. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in gamma-band resting-state functional connectivity strength
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Evaluate alteration of high-frequency neural synchronization across visual cortex induced by stereoscopic viewing. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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P300 event-related potential peak amplitude (standard stimulus)
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Pre-post comparison of P300 amplitude under standard visual stimuli to quantify attentional cortical processing. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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P300 event-related potential peak latency (standard stimulus)
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Detect shift of P300 response latency before and after naked-eye 3D exposure. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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P300 peak amplitude and latency under deviant visual stimulus
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Assess change of cognitive ERP response to oddball deviant stimuli after stereoscopic viewing. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in PANAS positive and negative affect scores
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Evaluate fluctuation of positive and negative emotional states after stereoscopic visual exposure. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Change in state anxiety scale (SAS) total score
時間枠：baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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Detect transient anxiety level variation before and after naked-eye 3D viewing. |
baseline (pre-exposure), immediately after 30-minute naked-eye 3-D viewing
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その他の成果指標
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Diagnostic performance of multimodal visual fatigue risk prediction model
時間枠：through study completion, an average of 1 year
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Multivariable logistic regression model combining baseline phoria and theta-band EEG features; evaluate model discrimination via AUC-ROC, overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for identifying participants at high risk of severe post-exposure visual fatigue. |
through study completion, an average of 1 year
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協力者と研究者
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
一次修了 (実際)
研究の完了 (実際)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
キーワード
その他の研究ID番号
- 2024KYPJ139
個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画
個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
IPD プランの説明
Individual participant data will not be shared with external researchers under the current study plan. Participant-level ophthalmic, questionnaire, and EEG data are held by the participating institutions and managed in accordance with the approved consent and institutional data governance requirements. Aggregate results may be reported in publications.
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