Wancantognaka Project (The Generosity Project) (TGP)

The intervention group will participate in the The Wancantognaka Project (The Generosity Project; TGP) for Treatment Community on the Pine Ridge Reservation

The Wancantognaka Project (The Generosity Project; TGP) for Treatment Community will involve programming sessions for youth taught by Lakota Elders, Traditional Healers, and/or Traditional Knowledge Keepers. TGP will also involve planning and implementing CPTED projects in residential areas. Example CPTED projects include building inipis (sweat lodges) for ceremony and culturally-grounded murals.

The control group includes youth from Control Community, a demographically similar community to Treatment Community. The control group will not receive the TGP intervention.

Participant responses to items from the Positive Youth Development Scale to measure positive development (e.g., competence, confidence, character, caring, and connection). The 17-item scale includes likert response options ranging from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 4 = Strongly agree and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater positive youth development.

Participant responses to items from the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure to measure ethnic identity development among Lakota Youth. The 6-item scale includes likert response options ranging from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly agree and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater ethnic identity development.

Participant responses to 9 items from the Collective Efficacy scale. The first four items includes response options ranging from 1 = Very likely to 5 = Very Unlikely. The last five items includes response options ranging from 1 = Strongly Agree to 5 = Strongly Disagree. All items include an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate lower collective efficacy.

Participant responses to 8 items from the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support scale to measure forms of social support received from friends and adults. Thescale includes response options ranging from 0 = Very Strongly Disagree to 7 = Very Strongly Agree and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater perceived social support.

Participant responses to items from the Personal Responsibility Education Program scale to measure academic and career goals. The 5-item scale includes response options ranging from 0 = Not at all true of me to 3 = Extremely True of Me and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater academic and career commitment.

Participant responses to items from the Future orientation scale to measure goal setting. The 6-item scale includes response options ranging from 1 = Not true about me to 4 = Mostly true about me and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater future orientation.

Participant responses to items from the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Short Form scale to measure emotion regulation. The 18-item scale includes response options ranging from 1 = Almost never to 5 = Almost always and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation.

Participant responses to items from the Claremont Purpose Beyond the Self scale to measure purpose. The 4-item scale includes response options ranging from 0 = Almost never to 4 = Almost all the Time and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater purpuse beyond the self.

Participant responses to items from the Brief Sense of Community scale to measure how respondents feel about their community. The 8-item scale includes response options ranging from 1= Strongly Agree to 5 = Strongly Disagree and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate lower sense of community.

Participant responses to items from the Fight Avoidance scale to measure respondent perception of their ability to stay out of fights. The 5-item scale includes response options ranging from 0 = Not at all to 5 = Extremely and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater ability to avoid fighting.

Participant responses to items of self-efficacy scale to measure self-efficacy (e.g., confidence, capability, and self-reliance). The 10 item scale has likert response options ranging from 1 = Not at all true to 4 = Exactly true and a option to not respond to the question. Higher score indicates more self-efficacy.

Participant responses to two items from the Alcohol Use YRBS scale to measure alcohol use in the past 30 days. One item includes likert response options ranging from A. I did not drink alcohol to G. I drank all 30 days. The second item measures the largest number of drinks in one session and item responses ranged from A. I did not drink alcohol to H. 10 or more drinks. Higher scores indicate greater alcohol use.

Participant responses to three items from the Drug Use (YRBS) to measure drug use amount and different types in the past 30 days. All three have a multiple choice responses with options ranging from 0. 0 times to 5. 40 or more times. There is a option to not respond to the question. Higher scores indicate a greater drug use.

Participant responses to six items from the sexual violence YRBS scale to measure sexual violence in the past six months. Two items evaluate sexual violence between non-dating partners and four items evaluate dating sexual violence. Items have multiple choice responses with options ranging from 0) 0 times to 4) 6 or more times and an option not to response to the question. Dating sexual violence items include the option 5) I was not dating in the past six months. Higher scores indicate greater sexual violence exposure.

Participant responses to items from the Retaliatory Attitudes scale to measure the endorsement of revenge for wrongdoing. The 7-item scale includes likert response options ranging from 1 = Strongly Agree to 5 = Strongly agree and an option not to respond to the question. Lower scores indicate greater retaliatory attitudes.

Participant responses to two items from the Intention to Acquire scale to measure whether youth wanted to acquire a firearm. One item asks about whether youth ever wished to access a gun with response options 0 = No and 1 = Yes. The second item asks about reasons for wanting a gun with the option to select all that apply. Reasons for wanting gun access include protection and to get respect. Both items include the option not to respond.

Participant responses to three items from the Firearm Carriage scale to measure firearm carriage in the past 6 months, 3 months, and 30 days. The second item asks about reasons for wanting a gun with the option to select all that apply. Reasons for wanting gun access include protection and to get respect. Both items include the option not to respond. The item measuring past 6 month carriage includes response options ranging from 0 = Never to 6 = 20+ times. The past 3 month carriage item includes response options ranging from 0 = Never to 10 Everyday. The past 30 day carriage includes a dropdown with options ranging from 0 to 30 days. Each item includes the option not to answer.

Participant responses to items from the Violent Offending scale to measure the endorsement of violent behaviors. The 9-item scale includes likert response options ranging from 0 = Never to 6 = 20+ times and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater violent offenses.

Participant responses to items from the Community Violence scale to measure the exposure to community violence. The 9-item scale includes response options ranging from 1 = Yes and 0 = No and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater violent offenses.

Participant responses to items from the Delinquency scale to measure delinquent behaviors. The 7-item scale includes response options ranging from 0 = Never to 6 = 20+ times and an option not to respond to the question. Higher scores indicate greater delinquency behaviors.

Indicators of violent crime in the Treatment and Control communities involve youth will be drawn from crime incident data files exported from the Ogala Sioux Tribe (OST) Public Safety.