Outcomes of Pandemic Influenza in Pregnancy

Subjects will be consented to participate in the study. They will complete a web-based baseline questionnaire. Participants will be given a nasal swab kit with instructions for obtaining swabs. Baseline blood (10mls) will be drawn for influenza serology and for measurement of total IgG and IgG subtypes. An email will be sent to each participant within 24 hours of their enrolment to welcome them to the study.

Participants will be asked to complete a weekly diary using web-based data entry. An email will be sent to each participant every Monday during the study reminding the participant to complete their weekly diary and to report and submit a nasal swab if they have any symptoms of an acute respiratory illness. Reminder emails will be sent 48 hours later if the weekly form remains incomplete. Participants will be telephoned if forms remain incomplete for three weeks. Weekly emails will also be used to update participants about vaccine availability, current vaccine recommendations, and any changes in expert recommendations for pregnant women.

Once every four weeks additional questions will be asked on the weekly survey. If any participant develops symptoms compatible with an acute viral respiratory illness they will be asked to collect and submit a nasal swab as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms and to complete an illness starting the day of symptom onset and ending when all symptoms are either absent or mild, or for 3 days, whichever is longer. Subjects will be notified if results are positive for influenza along with the local Medical Officer of Health. Treatment for influenza will be discussed with each infected participant by a physician investigator.

Repeat serology and blood for total IgG and IgG subtype will be drawn at the time of delivery to the six week post partum. Women will notify the study when they are admitted for delivery or termination of pregnancy and will be interviewed either in person at the hospital, or over the telephone within 3 weeks of delivery. A chart review will be performed to identify any complications at delivery or termination, and to record neonatal outcomes. Post-partum, mothers will continue their own weekly and illness diaries and weekly diaries for their infants will be added.

Pregnant women requiring hospital admission for influenza in hospitals participating in surveillance for the Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network (TIBDN) and Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) for the PHAC/CIHR Influenza Research Network (PCIRN), as well as pregnant women with influenza admitted to intensive care units as part of the Canadian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group Influenza Surveillance System (ICU-Flu) will be approached. Risk factor data from the baseline and weekly questionnaires will be collected retrospectively from these women. With consent, women will be followed to delivery/termination, and the same information collected regarding neonatal outcomes as was collected for other women in the cohort.

An email will be sent to all participating women requesting their consideration of three additional parts of the study:

1. A questionnaire of development (the 8 month Ages and Stages® Questionnaire; see attached) to be completed by the parent
2. An assessment with a physical examination at 7-9 months of age by a trained physician or a nurse practitioner
3. Permission for the study to contact parents in the future about further follow-up.

Mothers will also be asked to book an appointment for the 7-9 month assessment. Mothers who do not wish to have a pediatrician assessment will be asked over the telephone if they have any questions they wish to have answered about the study or the Ages and Stages® questionnaire, and if they consent to contact for future long term follow-up studies. If the child's score on the Ages and Stages® questionnaire raises a concern, mothers will be offered the chance to discuss this with a study physician, to have the results shared with her child's physician and/or to be referred to a pediatrician.

Participants may choose to withdraw from the study at any time. When they do so, they will be asked if the data and blood samples that have been provided can be kept and used for study purposes. If a patient withdraws and cannot be contacted data that has been obtained will be retained, and blood will be used for the immediate study purpose, but will not be used for future studies.