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The EARN-Health Trial of Financial Savings and Health (EARN-Health)

2021년 9월 24일 업데이트: Stanford University

EARN-Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of an Incentivized Savings Program on Depression, Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Locus of Control

The current literature in social epidemiology and public health suggests that low financial savings has an unsurprising negative relationship with subjective well-being, and increases the odds of making visits to a healthcare provider, receiving a chronic disease diagnosis, and experiencing medical disability. Earn.org is a community-based non-profit based in San Francisco with a mission to help low-income workers build lifelong savings habits and financial capability. The organization is one of the largest providers of "goal-based savings accounts" or "matched savings accounts" in the US. The investigators propose to conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine the health effects of Earn's savings program. Through this trial, the investigators will test three principal hypotheses: (1) Participants in the Earn account, as compared to a control group, are hypothesized to demonstrate improved scores on mental health scales assessing depression and anxiety.

(2) Participants in the Earn account, as compared to a control group, are hypothesized to experience lower odds of harmful behaviors associated with stress, specifically tobacco and alcohol abuse. The investigators hypothesize that the effect on behaviors will be of smaller effect size, and more delayed, than the effect on mental health outcomes, judging from similar effects observed in the micro-credit literature.

(3) The mediating variables between Earn account participation and beneficial health outcomes will include increased optimism and internal locus of control.

연구 개요

상세 설명

The investigators plan to conduct an RCT comparing participants in the new EARN program against wait-listed control subjects. The program provides low-wage workers with incentives and rewards for savings. The program involves a web-based platform that permits eligible savers to create a centralized savings account, which is a secure online account without fees. The account offers eligible savers small monetary rewards for dollars saved each month. The investigators plan to conduct a baseline online month 0 survey and a follow-up 6 month and 12 month online survey among participants and wait-listed nonparticipants, with telephone follow-up to maximize 6- and 12-month survey completion. The surveys consist of previously-validated instruments to assess key health behaviors self-reported well-being, and require approximately 20 minutes each. The surveys includes the CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System scales for assessing demographics and income, overall self-rated health, tobacco and alcohol use, depression and anxiety symptoms, and optimism and locus of control. Participants will receive prorated a gift card for each survey, to compensate participants for their time while avoiding a direct income effect of a cash incentive for participation.

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (실제)

678

단계

  • 해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 장소

    • California
      • Stanford, California, 미국, 94305
        • Stanford University

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

18년 이상 (성인, 고령자)

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

연구 대상 성별

모두

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

  • English-speaking US residents
  • ages 18 and older
  • below 50% of the area median income
  • have a regular Internet connection

Exclusion Criteria:

  • non-English speakers
  • non-US residents
  • children,
  • history of or current enrollment in other incentivized savings programs

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

  • 주 목적: 방지
  • 할당: 무작위
  • 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
  • 마스킹: 하나의

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔
개입 / 치료
간섭 없음: Control
Participants will be randomized to a 1 year wait list. Participants take 0 month, 6 month, and 12 month surveys on depression, anxiety, alcohol and tobacco use, locus of control, and overall self-rated health.
실험적: Savings program
Participants will be randomized to the EARN.org online savings program for 6 months. Participants take 0 month, 6 month, and 12 month surveys on depression, anxiety, alcohol and tobacco use, locus of control, and overall self-rated health.
The intervention is a web-based centralized savings account, which is a secure online account without fees. The account offers eligible savers nominal financial rewards for each deposit they make, as a financial incentive for savings.

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Self-rated health scales
기간: 12 months

The following survey measures of self-rated health are taken from the validated CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Study and will be recorded and reported from our study:

H0) Would you say that in general your health, as compared to other people your age, is…?

[ Excellent Very good Good Fair OR Poor ]

H1) Please think about your physical health. This includes physical illness and injury. How many days during the past 30 days was your physical health not good?

[Number from 0 to 30]

H2) Now please think about your emotional health. This includes stress, depression, and anxiety. How many days during the past 30 days was your emotional health not good?

[Number from 0 to 30]

H3) During the past 30 days, for about how many days did poor physical or emotional health keep you from doing your usual activities, such as self-care, work, or recreation?

[Number from 0 to 30]

12 months

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Depression and anxiety symptoms: yes/no questions
기간: 12 months

The following survey measures are taken from the validated Patient Health Questionnaire 8 and will be recorded and reported from our study:

M1) Little interest or pleasure in doing things M2) Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless M3) Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or sleeping too much M4) Feeling tired or having little energy M5) Poor appetite or overeating M6) Feeling bad about yourself, or that you are a failure, or have let yourself or your family down M7) Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television M8) Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed. Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual.

12 months
Alcohol abuse screening questions
기간: 12 months

The following survey measures of alcohol use are taken from the validated CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Study and will be recorded and reported from our study:

A1) During the past 30 days, how many days did you have at least one drink of any alcoholic beverage? This includes beer, wine, malt beverages, and liquor.

Days in past 30 days

A2) A drink of alcohol is 1 can or bottle of beer, 1 glass of wine, 1 can or bottle of wine cooler, 1 cocktail, or 1 shot of liquor. During the past 30 days, how many days per week or per month did you have at least one drink of any alcoholic beverage?

A3) Considering all types of alcoholic beverages, how many times during the past 30 days did you have X [Script: X = 5 for men, X = 4 for women] or more drinks on an occasion?

12 months
Tobacco abuse screening questions
기간: 12 months

The following survey measures of tobacco use are taken from the validated CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Study and will be recorded and reported from our study:

T0) Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life? yes no Script: If NO go to Part 5, else go to "T1"

T1) Do you now smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all? every day some days not at all

T2) During the past 6 months, have you stopped smoking for one day or longer because you were trying to quit smoking?

12 months
Locus of control Likert scales
기간: 12 months

The following survey measures are taken from the validated Health and Retirement study to assess locus of control, and will be recorded and reported from our study::

Please read the statements below and indicate the extent to which you agree with each statement. Select one of the following: Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, or Strongly Disagree O1) In uncertain times, I expect the best O2) If something can go wrong for me, it will O3) I'm always optimistic about the future O4) I hardly ever expect things to go my way O5) I rarely count on good things happening to me O6) Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad

12 months
Optimism Likert scales
기간: 12 months

The following survey measures are taken from the validated Health and Retirement study to assess optimism, and will be recorded and reported from our study::

L1) I have little control over the things that happen to me L2) There is really no way I can solve some of the problems I have L3) There is little I can do to change many of the important things in my life L4) I often feel helpless in dealing with the problems of life L5) Sometimes I feel that I'm being pushed around in life L6) What happens to me in the future mostly depends on me L7) I can do just about anything I really set my mind to do

12 months
Spending behaviors
기간: 12 months

The following survey measures of spending behaviors will be recorded and reported from our study:

S1) Over the past six months, would you say your household has been... Spending less money than you have had coming in. Spending more money than you have had coming in. Spending about the same amount of money that you have had coming in. S2) Over the past six months, which most accurately describes your household? We put aside money as savings every paycheck or every month. We put aside money as savings when we can, but not regularly. We didn't really put aside money as savings. S3) How much money did your household put aside as savings in an average month? We did not put aside savings in an average month. S4) Does your household have a monthly spending plan? Yes, and we mostly stick to it. Yes, but we don't really stick to it. No, we do not have a plan.

12 months

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

수사관

  • 수석 연구원: Sanjay Basu, MD. PhD, Stanford University

간행물 및 유용한 링크

연구에 대한 정보 입력을 담당하는 사람이 자발적으로 이러한 간행물을 제공합니다. 이것은 연구와 관련된 모든 것에 관한 것일 수 있습니다.

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작

2016년 10월 1일

기본 완료 (실제)

2018년 4월 13일

연구 완료 (실제)

2018년 4월 13일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2014년 7월 2일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2014년 7월 3일

처음 게시됨 (추정)

2014년 7월 9일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2021년 9월 28일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2021년 9월 24일

마지막으로 확인됨

2021년 9월 1일

추가 정보

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아니요

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