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Augmented Reality and 3D Model-Based Ventrogluteal Injection Training in Nursing Students (AR3D-VGI) (AR3D-VGI)

2026년 6월 13일 업데이트: Meltem Kaya, Karabuk University

Effect of Ventrogluteal Injection Training Using Augmented Reality and a 3D Model on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Skills, Anxiety and Satisfaction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a skills training program-conducted using augmented reality (AR) and 3D model technologies-on first-year nursing students' knowledge, skills, anxiety, and satisfaction, as well as the retention of learning, regarding the correct identification of the injection site and the application of the correct technique for intramuscular (IM) injections in the deltoid (VG) region. The hypotheses of the study are as follows:

H1: There is a difference in knowledge scores regarding the administration of intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal region between the AR group and the control group.

H2: There is a difference in skill scores regarding the administration of intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal region between the AR and control groups.

H3: There is a difference in state anxiety scores regarding the administration of intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal region between the AR and control groups.

H4: There is a difference in satisfaction scores regarding training methods for intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the AR and the control group.

H5: There is a difference in knowledge scores regarding intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the 3D Model group and the control group.

H6: There is a difference in skill scores regarding intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the 3D Model group and the control group.

H7: There is a difference in state anxiety scores regarding intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the 3D Model group and the control group.

H8: There is a difference in satisfaction scores regarding training methods for intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the 3D Model group and the control group.

H9: There is a difference in retention scores regarding knowledge of intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the AR and control groups.

H10: There is a difference in retention scores regarding knowledge of intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the 3D Model and control groups.

H11: There is a difference in skill retention scores regarding the application of intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the AR and the control group.

H12: There is a difference in skill retention scores regarding the application of intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region between the 3D Model and the control group.

After providing theoretical training to the entire group, the researcher will randomly assign participants and have them practice using the AR, a 3D hip model, and a traditional model. After four weeks, the researcher will assess retention.

연구 개요

상태

완전한

정황

개입 / 치료

상세 설명

One of the most common routes nurses use to administer medications is the intramuscular injection. The literature recommends the ventrogluteal region as the safest site for intramuscular injections. However, this site is not widely used in clinical practice, leading to patients experiencing numerous complications related to intramuscular injections. For this reason, it is considered important to teach nursing students-who will become the nurses of the future-how to perform intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal region using the correct technique. This way, nursing students will be able to administer medications safely when they begin their careers. Based on this perspective, it was believed that integrating technology into educational processes could facilitate more effective and student-centered learning. To integrate technology into educational processes, it was decided to use an AR-enabled 3D-printed hip model. Since intramuscular injection training in the ventrogluteal region is taught in the Fundamentals of Nursing course, first-year nursing students were included in the study. This research is a randomized controlled trial using AR and 3D modeling technologies.The study will be conducted with first-year nursing students during the spring semester of the 2025-2026 academic year.

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (실제)

146

단계

  • 해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 장소

  • 터키 (Türkiye)
    • Merkez
      • Karabük, Merkez, 터키 (Türkiye), 78000
        • Karabuk University

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

  • 어린이
  • 성인
  • 고령자

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

예

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Be enrolled as a first-year student in the Department of Nursing at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabük University, during the spring semester of the 2025-2026 academic year.
  • Have taken the "Fundamentals of Nursing" course for the first time.
  • Have not previously received training in the skill of administering IM injections,
  • Be able to speak and understand Turkish.
  • Be willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Failing to complete the research data collection forms in full,
  • Having previously taken the "Fundamentals of Nursing" course,
  • Withdrawing from the study.

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

  • 주 목적: 다른
  • 할당: 무작위
  • 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
  • 마스킹: 하나의

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔
개입 / 치료
실험적: Augmented Reality Group
The AR software was developed by a computer engineer using the Unity 3D program. The researcher provided the developer with images of the ventrogluteal region and demonstrated the steps for performing an intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region via video. The developed AR software was ported to the Meta Quest 3 headset, which supports both virtual reality and augmented reality. With the Meta Quest 3 headset, students will be able to view virtual images in a real-world environment and perform the procedure using their hands.
장치: Augmented Reality Group
Students in this group will perform intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal region using a Meta Quest 3 headset via an augmented reality-based training application
실험적: 3D Model Group
A 3D scanner and a Creality K2 Plus 3D printer located at the Iron and Steel Institute of Karabük University were used. First, the hip model located in the Anatomy Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine at Karabük University was scanned using the 3D scanner's Blue Laser mode. Subsequently, the 3D model of the scanned hip was processed using 3D software on a computer to define dimensions, create the injection site, and determine the print slices, thereby designing the final pre-print configuration. The model was printed in four parts using the Creality K2 Plus 3D Printer and assembled to create the final model. The left side of the 3D hip model was designed to display anatomical structures for regional training, while the right side was designed to accommodate an injection port for IM injections into the VG region.
장치: 3D Model Group
Students in this group will perform intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal region using a 3D hip model. The model will be used as visual and tactile learning tools during the training process.
간섭 없음: Control group
In accordance with traditional educational methods, students will perform an intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region using the model in the laboratory, following the step-by-step procedure.

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Ventrogluteal Region Intramuscular Injection Skill Checklist Score
기간: Immediately after the intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention
Assessment of students' performance in administering intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal region using a standardized skill assessment checklist.Assessment will be conducted by marking "applied" (2 points), "partially applied" (1 point), or "not applied" (0 points) for each step the student performs. The total score obtainable from the Ventrogluteal Region Intramuscular Injection Skills Checklist ranges from 0 to 64.
Immediately after the intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Ventrogluteal Region Intramuscular Injection Knowledge Test Score
기간: Baseline (before theoretical training and randomization), immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention
Assessment of students' theoretical knowledge using a structured knowledge test.The knowledge test is a multiple-choice test consisting of 32 questions with five options each. Each question on the knowledge test is worth 1 point. The possible score on the test ranges from 0 to 32.Baseline measurement will be used to assess group comparability after randomization.
Baseline (before theoretical training and randomization), immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention
State Anxiety Scale score
기간: Immediately after the theoretical training session and immediately after the intervention session
Measurement of students' anxiety levels using an anxiety assessment scale.The State Anxiety Scale consists of 20 items, and the possible scores range from 20 to 80. On the State Anxiety Scale, participants rate their responses on a four-point scale ranging from "Not at all" (1) to "Completely" (4).An increase in the score obtained from the scale indicates higher levels of anxiety, whereas a decrease indicates lower levels of anxiety.
Immediately after the theoretical training session and immediately after the intervention session
Satisfaction Survey Score for Teaching Methods
기간: Immediately after the intervention
Evaluation of students' satisfaction with the educational method using a satisfaction questionnaire.The five-point Likert-type scale consists of 16 items. The lowest possible score on the scale is 16, while the highest is 80.An increase in the score obtained from the scale indicates higher levels of satisfaction with the educational method, whereas a decrease in the score indicates lower levels of satisfaction.
Immediately after the intervention

기타 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Ventrogluteal Region Intramuscular Injection Knowledge Test Score
기간: 4 weeks after the intervention
Evaluation of the retention of knowledge 4 weeks after the intervention.The Ventrogluteal Region Intramuscular Injection Knowledge Test will be administered.The knowledge test is a multiple-choice instrument consisting of 32 items, each with five response options. Each item is scored as 1 point. The total score ranges from 0 to 32. Higher scores indicate a higher level of students' knowledge regarding ventrogluteal intramuscular injection.
4 weeks after the intervention
Ventrogluteal Region Intramuscular Injection Skill Checklist Score
기간: 4 weeks after the intervention
The Ventrogluteal Region Intramuscular Injection Skills Checklist will be used.The ventrogluteal intramuscular injection checklist consists of 32 steps. Each step is evaluated as follows: performed (2 points), partially performed (1 point), or not performed (0 points). The total possible score ranges from 0 to 64. A higher total score indicates a higher level of students' skill in performing ventrogluteal intramuscular injection.
4 weeks after the intervention

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

스폰서

Karabuk University

수사관

  • 수석 연구원: Meltem KAYA, PhD Candidate, Karabuk University
  • 연구 의자: Birgul CERIT, Professor, Abant Izzet Baysal University

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작 (실제)

2026년 5월 15일

기본 완료 (실제)

2026년 5월 15일

연구 완료 (실제)

2026년 6월 12일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2026년 5월 4일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2026년 5월 8일

처음 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 5월 13일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 6월 16일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2026년 6월 13일

마지막으로 확인됨

2026년 5월 1일

추가 정보

이 연구와 관련된 용어

키워드

추가 관련 MeSH 약관

기타 연구 ID 번호

  • 2025/2658 (기타 식별자: Karabük University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee)

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD) 계획

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD)를 공유할 계획입니까?

아니요

IPD 계획 설명

Due to ethical considerations and institutional data protection policies, individual participant data will not be shared.

약물 및 장치 정보, 연구 문서

미국 FDA 규제 의약품 연구

아니

미국 FDA 규제 기기 제품 연구

아니

이 정보는 변경 없이 clinicaltrials.gov 웹사이트에서 직접 가져온 것입니다. 귀하의 연구 세부 정보를 변경, 제거 또는 업데이트하도록 요청하는 경우 register@clinicaltrials.gov. 문의하십시오. 변경 사항이 clinicaltrials.gov에 구현되는 즉시 저희 웹사이트에도 자동으로 업데이트됩니다. .

Augmented Reality Group에 대한 임상 시험

유사한 임상시험 검색

스폰서 및 공동 작업자

건강 상태

약물 개입

CROs by country

CROs in Cameroon

정황

희귀 질병

약물 개입

식이 보충제

스폰서 / 협력자

위치

구독하다