A Trial Using Transcriptomic Signatures to Personalize Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) for Patients With Resectable Borderline Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (PRODIGE 104 B)

Transcriptomic Signature for Patient Stratification and Prediction of Chemotherapy Sensitivity Transcriptomic signatures, derived from RNA-sequencing, capture unique patterns of gene expression that reflect the molecular phenotype of a tumor and can indicate its potential sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Over the past decade, several molecular classifications of PDAC have been established (Collisson, Moffitt, Bailey), consistently distinguishing two major tumor subtypes: basal-like (poor prognosis) and classical (better prognosis). While these classifications provide strong prognostic information, they have not reliably predicted chemotherapy response in clinical practice.

Recent advances from the Dusetti/Iovanna research group have led to the development of robust transcriptomic signatures capable of predicting sensitivity to gemcitabine, irinotecan, 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and paclitaxel. These signatures-collectively referred to as Pancreas-View-were generated using preclinical models (PDX, organoids, primary cultures) and have been clinically validated, notably the gemcitabine-sensitivity signature in two retrospective cohorts and in the prospective PRODIGE 24 trial. Importantly, these signatures can be performed on FFPE-derived RNA with minimal material and rapid turnaround, making them compatible with real-world decision-making in the neoadjuvant setting.

Position of the Study Within Current Knowledge Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal disease due to late diagnosis, limited actionable biomarkers, and the modest efficacy of targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches. Its incidence is rising in Western countries, and without improved strategies, PDAC is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2040.

Borderline-resectable PDAC accounts for approximately 20% of cases and typically requires complex multidisciplinary management. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)-now an international standard in BR-PDAC-offers several advantages: improved R0 resection rates, treatment of occult micrometastatic disease, and avoidance of futile surgery in rapidly progressing tumors.

Two main NAC regimens are currently used: mFOLFIRINOX and Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel. However, comparative studies in non-metastatic PDAC have not demonstrated a clear superiority of one regimen over the other, though their toxicity profiles differ substantially. As a result, selecting the optimal chemotherapy strategy remains challenging.

There is therefore a strong need for predictive biomarkers capable of guiding neoadjuvant regimen selection. The NEOPREDICT program positions itself directly within this unmet clinical need, evaluating the use of a transcriptomic gemcitabine-sensitivity signature to personalize treatment.