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Outcomes of the Proprioception and Strengthening Exercise Program in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis

2026년 8월 19일 업데이트: Sule Kosar, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University
Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain, and although stretching exercises are a standard first-line treatment, current evidence on adding proprioception or knee-strengthening exercises remains limited. This study investigates whether adding knee strengthening or proprioception exercises to a standard stretching program improves pain, function, and disability in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis, and whether these interventions produce measurable changes in the biomechanical and kinesiological properties of the foot, ankle, and knee.

연구 개요

상태

모병

정황

개입 / 치료

상세 설명

Plantar fasciitis is a degenerative condition of the plantar fascia and one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders affecting the foot, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 10% in the general population. It is diagnosed clinically based on history and physical examination, typically presenting as sharp heel pain during the first steps in the morning or after rest, tenderness on palpation of the medial calcaneal tuberosity, and a positive Windlass test. Risk factors include reduced ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion, obesity, prolonged weight-bearing, and inappropriate footwear.

Stretching of the plantar fascia and gastrocnemius-soleus complex is a well-established, evidence-based treatment for plantar fasciitis. However, the underlying mechanism of the condition cannot be fully explained by tissue shortening and mechanical loading alone; impaired neuromuscular control and balance also appear to play a contributory role. Prior research has found that adding hip- and ankle-directed strengthening exercises to a stretching program provides no additional benefit over stretching alone in patients with plantar fasciitis, while other studies have reported reduced hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength in this population. Individuals with plantar fasciitis have also been shown to exhibit impaired postural balance and an increased risk of falls. While proprioception exercises have demonstrated benefit in the rehabilitation of ankle injuries, their effectiveness has not yet been established in plantar fasciitis. Given these gaps, this study aims to evaluate whether knee-strengthening and proprioception exercises, when added to a standard stretching program, provide additional benefit in reducing pain and disability and improving the biomechanical and kinesiological properties of the foot, ankle, and knee in patients with plantar fasciitis.

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (추정된)

105

단계

  • 해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 연락처

연구 연락처 백업

연구 장소

  • 터키 (Türkiye)
    • Karaman
      • Karaman, Karaman, 터키 (Türkiye), 70100
        • 모병
        • Karaman Training and Research Hospital
        • 연락하다:
        • 연락하다:
        • 수석 연구원:
          • Aynur Basaran, MD, Prof.
        • 부수사관:
          • Ummahani Kus, MSc, PT

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

  • 성인
  • 고령자

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

아니

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 18 and 65 years.
  • Formal diagnosis of plantar fasciitis, characterized by sharp pain during the first steps in the morning, pain that increases with prolonged activity, localized tenderness on palpation of the medial calcaneal tubercle or proximal fascia, and a positive Windlass test.
  • Symptom duration of at least 3 months.
  • Heel pain intensity score of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) > 3.
  • Voluntary agreement to participate, evidenced by signing the written informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of acute lower-extremity trauma.
  • History of prior foot or ankle surgery.
  • Corticosteroid injection to the affected heel within the preceding 6 months.
  • Presence of systemic inflammatory or rheumatologic disease.
  • Uncontrolled systemic disease (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus).
  • Current or past history of malignancy.
  • Current pregnancy.
  • Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m².
  • Any musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, ocular, or vestibular disorder that could impair balance or limit the ability to stand unsupported.
  • Neurocognitive or psychiatric conditions precluding adherence to the exercise protocols or outcome assessments.

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

  • 주 목적: 치료
  • 할당: 무작위
  • 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
  • 마스킹: 하나의

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔
개입 / 치료
활성 비교기: Stretching Only
This group will perform plantar fascia-gastrocnemius-soleus stretching exercises alone (twice daily, 7 days per week, for 6 weeks).
다른: Stretching
Participants will perform standardized plantar fascia and gastrocnemius-soleus stretching exercises. The protocol consists of stretching twice daily, 7 days per week, for 6 weeks.
실험적: Stretching and Proprioception
In addition to the standard stretching program, this group will receive supervised proprioception exercises three times per week for 6 weeks.
다른: Proprioception and Stretching Exercises
In addition to the standard stretching protocol, participants in this group will perform a supervised, 6-week progressive proprioception exercise program administered by a physiotherapist three times per week. Exercises will be performed under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions on progressively less stable surfaces with task difficulty advanced on a weekly basis.
실험적: Stretching and Knee Strengthening
In addition to the standard stretching program, this group will receive supervised knee strengthening exercises three times per week for 6 weeks.
다른: Knee Strengthening and Stretching Exercises
In addition to the standard stretching protocol, participants in this group will perform a supervised, 6-week progressive knee-strengthening program administered by a physiotherapist three times per week.

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Pain Intensity (First-Step Morning, Evening, and Overall Daily Pain)
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Pain intensity during the first steps in the morning, before going to bed, and overall daily pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The scale consists of a 10-cm horizontal line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain), on which participants mark the point corresponding to their perceived pain level.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
PPT will be assessed using a Baseline® 12-1442 dolorimeter (22-lb sensitivity range; Fabrication Enterprises Inc., USA) to evaluate deep-tissue mechanical sensitivity. With the participant positioned prone and the feet hanging off the table, gradually increasing pressure will be applied to the midpoint of the plantar fascia insertion at the calcaneus. The pressure at which the participant first perceives pain will be recorded. Three measurements will be taken at 30-second intervals, and the mean value will be used for analysis.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Foot Function and Health Status (Revised Foot Function Index, FFI-R)
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
The FFI-R is a self-reported, multidimensional questionnaire comprising 68 items across four subscales: pain and stiffness, social and emotional consequences, dysfunction, and activity limitation. Each item is scored from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating poorer foot health and greater functional limitation.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Foot and Ankle Function (Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, FAOS)
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
The FAOS is a 42-item self-reported questionnaire assessing five subscales: pain, other symptoms, activities of daily living, sports and recreation, and foot-and-ankle-related quality of life. Each item is scored from 0 to 4.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Myofascial Tissue Biomechanical Properties
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
The biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the plantar fascia, Achilles tendon, gastrocnemius medialis, soleus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris will be assessed non-invasively using the MyotonPRO device (Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia). The device will be positioned perpendicular to the anatomical landmark of each muscle; upon delivery of a mechanical impulse, it automatically calculates muscle tone (Hz), stiffness (N/m), and elasticity (logarithmic decrement). The mean of three consecutive measurements will be recorded.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Plantar Fascia Ultrasonographic Parameters
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Musculoskeletal ultrasonography (GE Logiq® P5 system; GE Healthcare, USA) will be used to evaluate structural changes. Plantar fascia thickness will be measured longitudinally at 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 3 cm distal to the calcaneal insertion. Qualitative parameters, including tissue echogenicity, perifascial fluid accumulation, and calcifications, will also be recorded.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion (ROM)
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion ROM will be measured in degrees using a Baseline® 12-1057 digital inclinometer (0.1° resolution; Fabrication Enterprises Inc., USA), positioned parallel to the long axis of the tibia over the tibial tuberosity during a weight-bearing lunge test. The mean of three measurements will be recorded.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
First Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joint Range of Motion
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Maximum active dorsiflexion and flexion angles of the first MTP joint will be measured in degrees using a finger goniometer with the participant in a supine position. The mean of three measurements will be recorded.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Joint Position Sense (JPS) (Ankle-Knee and Hip)
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Proprioceptive accuracy will be assessed at the ankle, knee, and hip joints via active joint position reproduction testing using a Baseline® 12-1057 digital inclinometer. For the ankle, participants will actively reproduce target dorsiflexion/plantarflexion angles. For the knee, participants will actively reproduce a target angle starting from 90° of flexion, with the inclinometer fixed to the middle third of the leg. For the hip, participants will actively reproduce target angles for flexion (assessed in supine position) and abduction (assessed in side-lying position), with the inclinometer fixed to the lateral aspect of the thigh. For each joint, the absolute error angle (the difference between the target angle and the actively reproduced angle) will be recorded across three trials, and the mean absolute error angle will be calculated as the outcome value. Lower values indicate better proprioceptive accuracy.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Isometric Muscle Strength of the Lower Extremity
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Isometric muscle strength for ankle (dorsiflexion, plantarflexion) and knee (extension, flexion) movements will be measured using a Lafayette® Hand-Held Dynamometer (Model 01165; Lafayette Instrument Company, USA), with standardized testing positions and stabilization protocols. Peak force will be recorded in Newtons (N) as the mean of three maximal isometric contractions.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Static Balance
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Static postural control will be assessed using the Single-Leg Stance Test (SLST) under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. The duration (in seconds) for which the participant maintains single-leg balance without touching the ground or the supporting leg will be recorded. Mean durations of three trials will be analyzed.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Dynamic Balance
기간: Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).
Dynamic balance and lower-extremity postural control will be evaluated using the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Maximum reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions will be measured in centimeters and normalized to lower-limb length (LL). The composite score (%) will be calculated as: [(Anterior + Posteromedial + Posterolateral) / (3 × LL)] × 100.
Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 12).

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

스폰서

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University

수사관

  • 수석 연구원: Aynur Basaran, MD, Prof., Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작 (실제)

2026년 8월 1일

기본 완료 (추정된)

2026년 12월 31일

연구 완료 (추정된)

2026년 12월 31일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2026년 8월 4일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2026년 8월 4일

처음 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 8월 10일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 8월 20일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2026년 8월 19일

마지막으로 확인됨

2026년 8월 1일

추가 정보

이 연구와 관련된 용어

키워드

추가 관련 MeSH 약관

기타 연구 ID 번호

  • 05-2026/01

약물 및 장치 정보, 연구 문서

미국 FDA 규제 의약품 연구

아니

미국 FDA 규제 기기 제품 연구

아니

이 정보는 변경 없이 clinicaltrials.gov 웹사이트에서 직접 가져온 것입니다. 귀하의 연구 세부 정보를 변경, 제거 또는 업데이트하도록 요청하는 경우 register@clinicaltrials.gov. 문의하십시오. 변경 사항이 clinicaltrials.gov에 구현되는 즉시 저희 웹사이트에도 자동으로 업데이트됩니다. .

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