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Effects of a Flipped-Learning Empowering Leadership Program on Nurse Leaders, Staff, and Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities

2026년 8월 17일 업데이트: I-Hui-Chen

Flipped Learning for Leader Empowering Leadership in Aged Care: A Pilot Cluster Quasi-Experimental Study

This pilot cluster quasi-experimental study tested a 12-week empowering-leadership training program delivered through flipped learning to nurse leaders in residential long-term care facilities, compared with a conventional brochure-based approach. Six facilities in central Taiwan participated: two (one public, one private) received the flipped-learning program for their leaders, and four (one public, three private) served as controls. The study examined effects at three levels: nurse leaders' own empowering leadership behaviors and facility-level nursing staff retention/turnover and resident hospitalization rates; nursing staff's perceptions of their leader's empowering behaviors, burnout, psychological empowerment, and job satisfaction; and residents' health status, quality of life, and satisfaction with care.

연구 개요

상태

완전한

정황

개입 / 치료

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (실제)

287

단계

  • 해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 장소

  • 대만
      • Taichung, 대만
        • Residential Long-Term Care Facilities

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

  • 성인
  • 고령자

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

아니

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

Nurse Leaders:

  • Age ≥ 20 years
  • Employed as nursing director, supervisor, or head
  • Employed at the facility for more than 6 months
  • Willing to participate and able to give informed consent

Nursing Staff:

  • Registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, or nursing assistant
  • Employed at the facility for ≥ 3 months
  • Age ≥ 20 years
  • Informed consent given

Residents:

  • Resided at the facility for ≥ 3 months
  • Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 24
  • No severe hearing impairment
  • Not terminally ill
  • Written informed consent given (or via authorized representative as applicable)

Exclusion Criteria:

Nurse Leaders:

- Indicated intent to leave the position within the next 6 months

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

  • 주 목적: 건강 서비스 연구
  • 할당: 무작위화되지 않음
  • 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
  • 마스킹: 없음(오픈 라벨)

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔
개입 / 치료
실험적: Flipped Learning Intervention
2 residential long-term care facilities (1 public, 1 private): 10 nurse leaders, 40 nursing staff, 100 residents. Nurse leaders received a 12-week flipped-learning empowering leadership program.
행동: Flipped-Learning Empowering Leadership Program
A 12-week, 24-hour empowering leadership program (one 2-hour module per week). Each week, a 60-minute instructional video was posted for asynchronous pre-class learning, followed by a 1-hour face-to-face session (small-group discussion, case studies, brief presentations, practical exercises), with instructor summary. Post-class activities included reflection and assignments.
활성 비교기: Conventional Learning / Control
4 residential long-term care facilities (1 public, 3 private): 11 nurse leaders, 40 nursing staff, 86 residents. Nurse leaders received a printed brochure with identical content, without structured flipped-learning sessions.
행동: Educational Brochure (Conventional Learning)
Nurse leaders in the control group received a printed brochure covering the same empowerment/empowering-behavior content as the intervention group, without structured flipped-learning sessions. The research team maintained regular contact to answer questions but provided no additional training.

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Leader Empowerment Behavior
기간: Baseline and immediately post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Leader Empowerment Behavior Scale (Chinese version), a 27-item self-report measure across 5 subscales (extending meaning of work, engaging staff in decision-making, expressing confidence, encouraging goal achievement, providing autonomy). Each item rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree); total score range 27-189, with higher scores indicating more empowering leadership behavior (better outcome). Cronbach's α=0.71; test-retest r=0.83.
Baseline and immediately post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Staff-Perceived Leader Empowering Behavior
기간: Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Modified version of the Leader Empowerment Behavior Scale, a 27-item measure completed by nursing staff about their leader, across 5 subscales. Each item rated on a 7-point Likert scale; total score range 27-189, with higher scores indicating more empowering behavior as perceived by staff (better outcome). Cronbach's α=0.85; test-retest r=0.71.
Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Occupational Burnout
기간: Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Occupational Burnout Inventory Scale, a 21-item self-report measure across 4 subscales (personal burnout, work-related burnout, client-related burnout, over-commitment to work). Each item rated on a 5-point Likert scale; total score range 21-105, with higher scores indicating greater burnout (worse outcome). Cronbach's α=0.80; test-retest reliability=0.78.
Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Psychological Empowerment
기간: Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment Scale, a 12-item self-report measure across 4 subscales (meaning, competence, self-determination, impact). Each item rated on a 5-point Likert scale; total score range 12-60, with higher scores indicating greater psychological empowerment (better outcome). Cronbach's α=0.87; test-retest reliability=0.82.
Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Job Satisfaction
기간: Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form, a 20-item self-report measure. Each item rated on a 5-point Likert scale; total score range 20-100, with higher scores indicating greater job satisfaction (better outcome). Cronbach's α=0.88; test-retest reliability=0.84.
Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Job Stress
기간: Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Single-item self-report measure ("Do you often feel very stressed at work?"), rated on a 5-point Likert scale; score range 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater job stress (worse outcome).
Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Health Status (SF-36)
기간: Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), across 8 domains (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, pain, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy, general health). Each domain scored 0-100, with higher scores indicating better health status (better outcome). Cronbach's α=0.78-0.90; test-retest reliability=0.86-0.91.
Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)
기간: Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), across 4 domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environmental health). Domain scores range from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating better quality of life (better outcome). Cronbach's α=0.80-0.88; test-retest reliability=0.90-0.95.
Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Care Quality / Customer Satisfaction
기간: Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Customer Satisfaction Scale, a 25-item self-report measure across 4 subscales (comfort/cleanliness, nursing care, food services, facility care/services). Each item rated on a 5-point Likert scale; total score range 25-125, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with care quality (better outcome). Cronbach's α=0.94; test-retest reliability=0.75.
Baseline (at enrollment) and 3 months after intervention completion (approximately August 2019)
Nursing Staff Retention Rate
기간: 12-month period prior to the intervention (baseline) and 12-month period beginning approximately 1 month after the 12-week intervention was completed (follow-up)
12-month period prior to the intervention (baseline) and 12-month period beginning approximately 1 month after the 12-week intervention was completed (follow-up)
Nursing Staff Turnover Rate
기간: 12-month period prior to the intervention (baseline) and 12-month period beginning approximately 1 month after the 12-week intervention was completed (follow-up)
12-month period prior to the intervention (baseline) and 12-month period beginning approximately 1 month after the 12-week intervention was completed (follow-up)
Resident Hospitalization Rate
기간: 12-month period prior to the intervention (baseline) and 12-month period beginning approximately 1 month after the 12-week intervention was completed (follow-up)
12-month period prior to the intervention (baseline) and 12-month period beginning approximately 1 month after the 12-week intervention was completed (follow-up)

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

스폰서

I-Hui-Chen

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작 (실제)

2018년 8월 1일

기본 완료 (실제)

2019년 5월 30일

연구 완료 (실제)

2020년 5월 30일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2026년 8월 13일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2026년 8월 17일

처음 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 8월 19일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 8월 19일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2026년 8월 17일

마지막으로 확인됨

2026년 8월 1일

추가 정보

이 연구와 관련된 용어

기타 연구 ID 번호

  • CRREC-105-002

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아니

이 정보는 변경 없이 clinicaltrials.gov 웹사이트에서 직접 가져온 것입니다. 귀하의 연구 세부 정보를 변경, 제거 또는 업데이트하도록 요청하는 경우 register@clinicaltrials.gov. 문의하십시오. 변경 사항이 clinicaltrials.gov에 구현되는 즉시 저희 웹사이트에도 자동으로 업데이트됩니다. .

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