Performance and Safety of the Lotus™ Valve With a FLEXible Delivery System

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Subject is ≥70 years of age
• 2. Subject has documented calcific native aortic valve stenosis with an initial aortic valve area (AVA) of <1.0 cm2 (or AVA index of <0.6 cm2/m2) and either a mean pressure gradient >40 mm Hg or a jet velocity >4 m/s, as measured by echocardiography
• 3. Subject has a documented aortic annulus size between ≥20 and ≤27 mm based on pre-procedure diagnostic imaging
• 4. Symptomatic aortic valve stenosis with NYHA Functional Class ≥ II

• 5. Subject is considered high risk for surgical valve replacement based on at least one of the following:

  1. Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score ≥8%, AND/OR
  2. Agreement by the heart team (which must include an in-person evaluation by an experienced cardiac surgeon) that subject is at high operative risk of serious morbidity or mortality with surgical valve replacement
• 6. Heart team (which must include an experienced cardiac surgeon) assessment that the subject is likely to benefit from valve replacement.
• 7. Subject (or legal representative) understands the study requirements and the treatment procedures, and provides written informed consent.
• 8. Subject, family member, and/or legal representative agree(s) and subject is capable of returning to the study hospital for all required scheduled follow up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject has a congenital unicuspid or bicuspid aortic valve.
2. Subject with an acute myocardial infarction within 30 days of the index procedure (defined as Q-wave MI or non-Q-wave MI with total CK elevation ≥ twice normal in the presence of CK-MB elevation and/or troponin elevation).
3. Subject has had a cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack within the past 6 months, or has any permanent neurologic defect prior to study enrollment.
4. Subject is on dialysis or has serum creatinine level >3.0 mg/dL or 265 µmol/L.
5. Subject has a pre-existing prosthetic heart valve (aortic or mitral) or a prosthetic ring in any position.
6. Subject has ≥3+ mitral regurgitation, ≥3+ aortic regurgitation or ≥3+ tricuspid regurgitation (i.e., subject cannot have more than moderate mitral, aortic or tricuspid regurgitation).
7. Subject has a need for emergency surgery for any reason.
8. Subject has a history of endocarditis within 12 months of index procedure or evidence of an active systemic infection or sepsis.
9. Subject has echocardiographic evidence of intra-cardiac mass, thrombus or vegetation.
10. Subject has Hgb <9 g/dL, platelet count <50,000 cells/mm3 or >700,000 cells/mm3, or white blood cell count <1,000 cells/mm3.

11. Subject requires chronic anticoagulation therapy (warfarin) and cannot tolerate concomitant therapy with either aspirin or clopidogrel.

    Note: Subjects who require chronic anticoagulation must be able to be treated additionally with either aspirin or clopidogrel. An alternative P2Y12 inhibitor may be prescribed if subject is allergic to or intolerant of clopidogrel.

12. Subject has active peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleed within the past 3 months, other bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy or will refuse transfusions.
13. Subject has known hypersensitivity to contrast agents that cannot be adequately pre-medicated, or has known hypersensitivity to aspirin, all thienopyridines, heparin, nickel, tantalum, titanium, or polyurethanes.
14. Subject has a life expectancy of less than 12 months due to non-cardiac, co-morbid conditions based on the assessment of the investigator at the time of enrollment.
15. Subject has hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
16. Subject has any therapeutic invasive cardiac procedure (including balloon aortic valvuloplasty) within 30 days prior to the index procedure (except for pacemaker implantation which is allowed).
17. Subject has untreated coronary artery disease, which in the opinion of the treating physician is clinically significant and requires revascularization.
18. Subject has documented left ventricular ejection fraction <30%.
19. Subject is in cardiogenic shock or has hemodynamic instability requiring inotropic support or mechanical support devices.
20. Subject has severe peripheral vascular disease (including aneurysm defined as maximal luminal diameter >5 cm or with documented presence of thrombus, marked tortuosity, narrowing of the abdominal aorta, severe unfolding of the thoracic aorta or thick [>5 mm], protruding or ulcerated atheroma in the aortic arch) or symptomatic carotid or vertebral disease.
21. Femoral artery lumen of <6.0 mm for subjects requiring 23 mm valve size or <6.5 mm for subjects requiring 27 mm valve size, or severe iliofemoral tortuosity or calcification that would prevent safe placement of the introducer sheath.
22. Current problems with substance abuse (e.g., alcohol, etc.).
23. Subject is participating in another investigational drug or device study that has not reached its primary endpoint.
24. Subject has untreated conduction system disorder (e.g., Type II second degree atrioventricular block) that in the opinion of the treating physician is clinically significant and requires a pacemaker implantation.