Prospective Evaluation of the 2022 Optic Neuritis Criteria When Optic Neuritis Is Suspected (GX-ICON)
A Multicenter Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study of the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis and an Antibody-Stratified Adjunct in Acute or Subacute Visual Loss When Optic Neuritis Is Suspected in China
Optic neuritis is an important cause of acute or subacute visual loss. In clinical practice, optic neuritis must often be distinguished from other optic neuropathies, retinal diseases, anterior-segment or ocular media disorders, non-organic visual loss, and other mimics. The 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis were developed to standardize the diagnosis of optic neuritis, but their performance in Chinese clinical settings, where aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G-positive optic neuritis are relatively common, remains uncertain.
This multicenter prospective observational study is enrolling patients with acute or subacute visual loss in whom optic neuritis is included in the differential diagnosis. The study is designed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis alone and with an antibody-stratified adjunct. The index classifications will be compared with an expert-adjudicated reference-standard diagnosis. No experimental treatment is assigned by the study. All diagnostic tests and treatments are determined by the treating clinicians according to routine clinical care. Study data are collected using a structured protocol-defined case report form.
研究概览
地位
条件
详细说明
This is a multicenter prospective observational diagnostic accuracy study conducted in China. Structured prospective electronic case report form-based data collection for the primary diagnostic accuracy cohort began on January 6, 2025. The study population includes individuals with a new acute or subacute episode of visual loss or optic nerve-related visual dysfunction in one or both eyes, for whom optic neuritis is included in the initial differential diagnosis at participating clinical centers. Each participant contributes only one clinical episode to the primary diagnostic accuracy cohort.
The main objective is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis in a real-world Chinese clinical setting. The study is also designed to evaluate the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis with a prespecified antibody-stratified adjunct strategy designed for settings where aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive optic neuritis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G-positive optic neuritis are relatively common and antibody testing is clinically available.
Baseline clinical data are collected prospectively using a structured electronic case report form. The form captures demographic information, symptom onset, laterality, pain with eye movement, visual acuity, protocol-defined color vision assessment, relative afferent pupillary defect assessment, and other predefined clinical variables.
Paraclinical data are collected when obtained as part of routine clinical care. These data may include visual field testing, optical coherence tomography, orbital or optic nerve MRI, serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G, serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G, and other laboratory or imaging results. Optical coherence tomography is encouraged for objective structural characterization when clinically feasible, but it is not mandated by study participation. Follow-up optical coherence tomography at 3 to 6 months is encouraged when clinically feasible. Available follow-up optical coherence tomography data will be summarized descriptively. Exploratory optical coherence tomography-available analyses may be performed if data are sufficient; these analyses are not required for the primary diagnostic accuracy analysis. MRI and antibody testing are performed when considered clinically appropriate by the treating clinical team.
The 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis serve as the index test. Index-test classifications will be assigned using baseline clinical data and paraclinical data eligible for application of the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis that were obtained within 3 months after symptom onset for the current clinical episode, based on the timing of the examination or sample collection. Follow-up information obtained after this diagnostic window will not be used to revise the index-test classification. Participants will be classified as definite optic neuritis, possible optic neuritis, or not optic neuritis according to prespecified rules. A prespecified antibody-stratified adjunct strategy, based on our published adjunct framework, will then be applied in combination with the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis, rather than as a standalone diagnostic test. This adjunct strategy incorporates aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G seropositivity and clear-positive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G results together with objective optic nerve evidence. The detailed operational rules are specified in the study protocol and are based on the cited published framework.
Participants are followed for up to 6 months after enrollment whenever feasible. Follow-up information includes available information on subsequent clinical course, repeat ophthalmic assessments, additional imaging or laboratory results, treatment response, and alternative diagnoses made during routine clinical care. This follow-up information will be used to support the expert-adjudicated reference-standard diagnosis. Participants for whom the reference-standard adjudication committee cannot assign a diagnosis of optic neuritis or non-optic neuritis because of insufficient clinical, imaging, laboratory, or follow-up information will be classified as indeterminate according to prespecified adjudication rules. Indeterminate reference-standard cases will be summarized separately and excluded from the primary binary diagnostic accuracy analysis.
Follow-up information beyond the prespecified index-test diagnostic window will be used for reference-standard adjudication only.
The reference-standard diagnosis will be determined by an expert adjudication panel. Two expert adjudicators will independently review the structured baseline clinical form and all available ophthalmic, imaging, laboratory, treatment, and follow-up information according to a prespecified adjudication process. The adjudicators will be masked to the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis classification and the antibody-stratified adjunct classification. They will not be masked to the source clinical, ophthalmic, imaging, laboratory, treatment, or follow-up information required for reference-standard adjudication. Disagreements will be resolved by a third expert adjudicator. Participants will be classified as optic neuritis, non-optic neuritis, or indeterminate. Cases with an indeterminate reference-standard diagnosis will be reported separately and will not be included in the primary diagnostic accuracy analysis. The initial agreement between the two expert adjudicators will be summarized using the percentage agreement and Cohen's kappa for the three-category reference-standard classification of optic neuritis, non-optic neuritis, or indeterminate.
The primary diagnostic accuracy analysis will compare the index-test classification with the expert-adjudicated reference-standard diagnosis. In the main analysis, definite optic neuritis will be classified as index-test positive and not optic neuritis will be classified as index-test negative. Possible optic neuritis will be treated as an indeterminate index-test category, excluded from the main binary diagnostic accuracy analysis, and reported separately. Key secondary analyses will evaluate the diagnostic yield of definite optic neuritis, the distribution of possible optic neuritis, the performance of a low-threshold definition that classifies definite or possible optic neuritis as index-test positive, and the performance of the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis with the antibody-stratified adjunct. Diagnostic measures will include sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratios, and 95 percent confidence intervals, as appropriate.
The study is observational. The investigators do not assign experimental treatment or alter routine clinical management. Treatment decisions, including corticosteroids, plasma exchange, immunosuppressive therapy, biologic therapy, or treatment for non-inflammatory alternative diagnoses, are made by the treating clinical team as part of routine clinical care and are not dictated by the study protocol.
At the time this record was initially submitted for public registration, recruitment was ongoing, and database lock, formal reference-standard adjudication, final index-test classification, and the primary diagnostic accuracy analysis had not occurred.
研究类型
注册 (估计的)
联系人和位置
学习联系方式
- 姓名：Yi Du, MD, PhD
- 电话号码：+86 771 5356507
- 邮箱：duyinapoleon@gmail.com
学习地点
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Guangxi
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Nanning、Guangxi、中国、530021
- 招聘中
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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接触：
- Yi Du, MD, PhD
- 电话号码：+86 771 5356507
- 邮箱：duyinapoleon@gmail.com
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Nanning、Guangxi、中国、530005
- 招聘中
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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接触：
- Wenqiao Huang
- 电话号码：+86 771 3277068
- 邮箱：wqhuang8674@163.com
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Nanning、Guangxi、中国、530001
- 招聘中
- Guangxi Minzu Hospital
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接触：
- Meifeng Luo
- 电话号码：+86 771 3131152
- 邮箱：luomf9853@qq.com
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Nanning、Guangxi、中国、530022
- 招聘中
- Guangxi Jingliang Eye Hospital
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接触：
- Mukun Zhao
- 电话号码：+86 771 7980630
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Nanning、Guangxi、中国、530199
- 招聘中
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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接触：
- Xiaoyuan Ma
- 电话号码：+86 771 6226473
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接触：
- Yihua Huang
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Qinzhou、Guangxi、中国、535000
- 招聘中
- The Second People's Hospital of Qinzhou
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接触：
- Fangfang Zhang
- 电话号码：+86 777 3682222
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Wuzhou、Guangxi、中国、543099
- 招聘中
- Wuzhou Gongren Hospital
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接触：
- Jun Yang
- 电话号码：+86 774 2036883
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Yulin、Guangxi、中国、537099
- 招聘中
- The First People's Hospital of Yulin
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接触：
- Na Li
- 电话号码：+86 775 2683288
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接触：
- Qingjuan Zhao
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Jiangsu
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Suzhou、Jiangsu、中国、215000
- 招聘中
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University
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接触：
- Yinbin Tang
- 电话号码：+86 512 69359692
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 孩子
- 成人
- 年长者
接受健康志愿者
取样方法
研究人群
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- Individuals presenting with a new acute or subacute episode of visual loss or optic nerve-related visual dysfunction in one or both eyes, for whom optic neuritis is considered a reasonable differential diagnosis by the treating clinical team at the initial clinical assessment and before final diagnostic adjudication.
- Symptom onset of the current episode within 90 days before enrollment.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. The participant has previously been enrolled in this study. Each participant may be enrolled only once.
A history of optic neuritis or recurrent optic neuropathy before the current episode is not an exclusion criterion.
学习计划
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
队列和干预
团体/队列 |
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Suspected Optic Neuritis Differential-Diagnosis Cohort
Individuals with acute or subacute visual loss or optic nerve-related visual dysfunction in whom optic neuritis is included in the differential diagnosis at initial clinical assessment.
Participants undergo routine clinical evaluation, and study data are collected using a structured protocol-defined case report form.
No treatment is assigned by the study.
The 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis will be evaluated alone and with the antibody-stratified adjunct as diagnostic index-test approaches.
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研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Diagnostic Performance of the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis
大体时间：Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and 95 percent confidence intervals will be assessed against the expert-adjudicated reference standard.
Definite optic neuritis will be index-test positive and not optic neuritis will be index-test negative.
Possible optic neuritis will be treated as an indeterminate index-test category and reported separately.
Indeterminate reference-standard diagnoses will be excluded.
Index-test classification will use eligible baseline and paraclinical data obtained within 3 months after symptom onset; later follow-up data will not revise the index-test classification.
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Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Diagnostic Yield of Definite Optic Neuritis Classification
大体时间：Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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Proportion of participants with expert-adjudicated optic neuritis who are classified as definite optic neuritis by the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis.
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Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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Diagnostic Performance of the Low-Threshold 2022 Criteria Definition
大体时间：Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratios, and 95 percent confidence intervals when definite optic neuritis or possible optic neuritis is classified as index-test positive and not optic neuritis is classified as index-test negative.
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Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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Diagnostic Performance of the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis With the Antibody-Stratified Adjunct
大体时间：Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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The antibody-stratified adjunct will be applied in combination with the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis, rather than as a standalone diagnostic test.
Diagnostic performance of the combined criteria-plus-adjunct classification will be assessed against the expert-adjudicated reference standard.
Participants with an indeterminate reference-standard diagnosis will be excluded from this binary diagnostic accuracy analysis.
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Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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Proportion of Indeterminate Reference-Standard Diagnoses
大体时间：Up to 6 Months After Enrollment
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Proportion of participants for whom the expert adjudication panel classifies the reference-standard diagnosis as indeterminate.
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Up to 6 Months After Enrollment
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Distribution of 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis Classifications
大体时间：Baseline and diagnostic-window data for the current episode, within 3 months after symptom onset
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Proportion of participants classified as definite optic neuritis, possible optic neuritis, or not optic neuritis by the 2022 International Criteria for Optic Neuritis.
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Baseline and diagnostic-window data for the current episode, within 3 months after symptom onset
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Diagnostic Performance of the Antibody-Stratified Adjunct in Adjunct-Qualifying Antibody-Positive Participants
大体时间：Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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Diagnostic performance of the prespecified antibody-stratified adjunct will be evaluated among participants with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G positivity or clear-positive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G.
Under this adjunct, qualifying antibody-positive cases with objective optic nerve evidence will be classified as definite optic neuritis and compared with the expert-adjudicated reference standard.
Diagnostic performance will be assessed overall in adjunct-qualifying antibody-positive participants and separately in the aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive and clear-positive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G subgroups.
Participants with an indeterminate reference-standard diagnosis will be excluded from this binary diagnostic accuracy analysis.
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Index-test data within 3 months after symptom onset; reference-standard diagnosis up to 6 months after enrollment
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合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员：Yi Du, MD, PhD、First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- Liang Y, Yang J, Luo W, Wei S, Wang K, Song R, Fu R, Zhao Y, Bai Y, Du Y. Diagnostic yield of the 2022 optic neuritis criteria and an antibody-stratified adjunct in an antibody-predominant Chinese clinical sample. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2026 Apr 25;111:107212. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2026.107212. Online ahead of print.
- Petzold A, Fraser CL, Abegg M, Alroughani R, Alshowaeir D, Alvarenga R, Andris C, Asgari N, Barnett Y, Battistella R, Behbehani R, Berger T, Bikbov MM, Biotti D, Biousse V, Boschi A, Brazdil M, Brezhnev A, Calabresi PA, Cordonnier M, Costello F, Cruz FM, Cunha LP, Daoudi S, Deschamps R, de Seze J, Diem R, Etemadifar M, Flores-Rivera J, Fonseca P, Frederiksen J, Frohman E, Frohman T, Tilikete CF, Fujihara K, Galvez A, Gouider R, Gracia F, Grigoriadis N, Guajardo JM, Habek M, Hawlina M, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Hooker J, Hor JY, Howlett W, Huang-Link Y, Idrissova Z, Illes Z, Jancic J, Jindahra P, Karussis D, Kerty E, Kim HJ, Lagreze W, Leocani L, Levin N, Liskova P, Liu Y, Maiga Y, Marignier R, McGuigan C, Meira D, Merle H, Monteiro MLR, Moodley A, Moura F, Munoz S, Mustafa S, Nakashima I, Noval S, Oehninger C, Ogun O, Omoti A, Pandit L, Paul F, Rebolleda G, Reddel S, Rejdak K, Rejdak R, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Rougier MB, Sa MJ, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Saylor D, Shatriah I, Siva A, Stiebel-Kalish H, Szatmary G, Ta L, Tenembaum S, Tran H, Trufanov Y, van Pesch V, Wang AG, Wattjes MP, Willoughby E, Zakaria M, Zvornicanin J, Balcer L, Plant GT. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol. 2022 Dec;21(12):1120-1134. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00200-9. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
初级完成 (估计的)
研究完成 (估计的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (实际的)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
与本研究相关的术语
关键字
其他研究编号
- GX-ICON
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IPD 计划说明
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