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Effects of Heavy Back-Squat PAPE on Jump and Repeated Sprint Performance in Trained Soccer Players

2026年7月29日 更新者：Abdullah Demirli、Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

The PAPE Paradox During Prolonged Repeated Sprint Performance: Acute Heavy Back-Squat Potentiates Vertical Jump and Early Sprint Performance But Impairs Overall Output-A Randomized Crossover Trial in Trained Soccer Players

This study examined whether performing heavy back squats before exercise affects jumping ability and repeated sprint performance in trained soccer players. Twenty male university soccer players completed two testing sessions in a randomized crossover design. In one session, participants performed a standardized warm-up only. In the other session, they performed the same warm-up followed by three sets of three back-squat repetitions at 90% of their one-repetition maximum. The two sessions were separated by one week. After each condition, participants completed a countermovement jump test and an 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test. The study aimed to determine whether the heavy back-squat activity improves early explosive performance and whether it increases fatigue during prolonged repeated sprint exercise.

研究概览

地位

完全的

条件

干预/治疗

研究类型

介入性

注册 (实际的)

20

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

  • 土耳其（türkiye）
    • Istanbul
      • Istanbul、Istanbul、土耳其（türkiye）、34320
        • İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 成人

接受健康志愿者

是的

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male soccer players aged 20-23 years.
  • Currently competing in the top division of a university soccer league.
  • A minimum of three years of regular soccer training experience.
  • Free from long-term musculoskeletal injury during the previous six months.
  • Willing and able to complete all familiarization, strength-testing, and experimental sessions.
  • Provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • A musculoskeletal injury resulting in an absence from training or competition for 21 days or longer during the previous six months.
  • Use of medications or nutritional or ergogenic supplements that could affect exercise performance.
  • Any health or physical condition preventing safe participation in heavy back-squat, countermovement jump, or repeated sprint testing.
  • Failure to complete both experimental conditions.

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：基础科学
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：交叉作业
  • 屏蔽：单身的

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
实验性的：Control-PAPE Sequence
Participants first completed the Control condition, consisting of a standardized warm-up without an additional conditioning activity. After a one-week washout period, participants completed the PAPE condition, consisting of the same standardized warm-up followed by three sets of three back-squat repetitions at 90% of one-repetition maximum, with 3 minutes of passive recovery between sets. Countermovement jump and repeated sprint performance were assessed after each condition.
行为的：Heavy Back-Squat PAPE Protocol
Participants completed a standardized warm-up followed by a heavy back-squat conditioning activity consisting of three sets of three repetitions at 90% of one-repetition maximum. Three minutes of passive recovery were provided between sets. Countermovement jump performance was assessed approximately 4.5-5 minutes after the final squat set, immediately before the repeated sprint test.
行为的：Standardized Warm-Up Control Condition
Participants completed a standardized warm-up consisting of 5 minutes of jogging, followed by 10 bodyweight squats, 10 lunges, and 10 lateral shuffles. No additional conditioning activity was performed. After approximately 5 minutes of passive recovery, countermovement jump performance was assessed immediately before the repeated sprint test.
实验性的：PAPE-Control Sequence
Participants first completed the PAPE condition, consisting of a standardized warm-up followed by three sets of three back-squat repetitions at 90% of one-repetition maximum, with 3 minutes of passive recovery between sets. After a one-week washout period, participants completed the Control condition, consisting of the same standardized warm-up without an additional conditioning activity. Countermovement jump and repeated sprint performance were assessed after each condition.
行为的：Heavy Back-Squat PAPE Protocol
Participants completed a standardized warm-up followed by a heavy back-squat conditioning activity consisting of three sets of three repetitions at 90% of one-repetition maximum. Three minutes of passive recovery were provided between sets. Countermovement jump performance was assessed approximately 4.5-5 minutes after the final squat set, immediately before the repeated sprint test.
行为的：Standardized Warm-Up Control Condition
Participants completed a standardized warm-up consisting of 5 minutes of jogging, followed by 10 bodyweight squats, 10 lunges, and 10 lateral shuffles. No additional conditioning activity was performed. After approximately 5 minutes of passive recovery, countermovement jump performance was assessed immediately before the repeated sprint test.

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Repeated Sprint Performance Decrement
大体时间：During the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Percentage decline in repeated sprint performance calculated from sprint times recorded during an 18 × 40-meter shuttle sprint test. The protocol consisted of three sets of six 40-meter shuttle sprints, with 20 seconds of passive recovery between sprints and 4 minutes of passive recovery between sets. Lower percentage values indicate better maintenance of sprint performance and less fatigue.
During the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Countermovement Jump Height
大体时间：At approximately 5 minutes after the assigned condition, within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Maximum countermovement jump height measured in centimeters using the Optojump Next optical measurement system. Participants performed three maximal countermovement jump trials with their hands positioned on their hips and 60 seconds of passive recovery between trials. The highest jump height was used for analysis. Higher values indicate better jump performance.
At approximately 5 minutes after the assigned condition, within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Mean Repeated Sprint Time
大体时间：During the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Mean sprint time, measured in seconds, calculated across all 18 repetitions of the 40-meter shuttle sprint test. Sprint times were recorded using a photocell timing system. Lower values indicate better repeated sprint performance.
During the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Best Sprint Time
大体时间：During the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
The fastest sprint time, measured in seconds, recorded among the 18 repetitions of the 40-meter shuttle sprint test using a photocell timing system. Lower values indicate better sprint performance.
During the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Worst Sprint Time
大体时间：During the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
The slowest sprint time, measured in seconds, recorded among the 18 repetitions of the 40-meter shuttle sprint test using a photocell timing system. Lower values indicate better sprint performance.
During the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Sprint Time Across Individual Repetitions
大体时间：During each repetition of the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period
Sprint time, measured in seconds, for each of the 18 individual 40-meter shuttle sprint repetitions. Sprint-by-sprint values were used to evaluate changes in performance during the early repetitions (sprints 1-3), middle repetitions (sprints 4-8), and later repetitions (sprints 9-18). Lower values indicate faster sprint performance.
During each repetition of the 18 × 40-meter repeated sprint test, which lasted approximately 15 minutes and was completed within each of two experimental sessions lasting approximately 25-35 minutes; the sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (实际的)

2025年12月20日

初级完成 (实际的)

2026年2月15日

研究完成 (实际的)

2026年2月15日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年7月26日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年7月29日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年7月30日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年7月30日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年7月29日

最后验证

2026年7月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

其他研究编号

  • PAPE-RSA-2025-01

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

不

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

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