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Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training in Young Soccer Players

2026年9月4日 更新者：Muhammed Zahit Kahraman、Bitlis Eren University

Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training on Body Composition, Anaerobic Power, and Selected Biomotor Characteristics in Young Male Soccer Players

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 6-week Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST) on body composition, anaerobic power, and selected physical performance qualities in young male soccer players. A total of 24 active male soccer players (aged 16 to 20 years) participating in the Regional Amateur League were randomly assigned into three equal groups: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG) completing a 4 vs. 4 transition possession game 3 days a week in addition to routine training, Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG) completing a 20-meter maximal repeated sprint protocol 3 days a week in addition to routine training, and Control Group (CG) continuing only their routine soccer practice schedule. Before and after the 6-week intervention, participants underwent laboratory and field testing to evaluate body composition (body fat percentage, fat-free mass, BMI), acceleration and maximal speed (10m and 20m sprint tests), agility (Illinois Agility Test), explosive lower-body power (countermovement jump), and maximal anaerobic power (30-second Wingate test) to determine which specific training method provides superior athletic adaptations.

研究概览

地位

完全的

条件

干预/治疗

详细说明

High-intensity intermittent actions, such as accelerations, change-of-direction movements, jumps, and repeated sprints, are critical determinants of competitive performance in soccer. To optimize these physical attributes, coaches commonly utilize Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST). However, comparative evidence regarding the specific adaptations induced by these two distinct conditioning strategies alongside regular soccer practice remains crucial for athletic periodization.

This 6-week randomized controlled trial evaluated 24 young male soccer players randomly allocated into three parallel arms (n=8 per group): SSGG, RSTG, and a Control Group (CG).

Training Protocols:

  • SSGG Protocol: Performed a "4 vs. 4 Transition Possession" format on two adjacent zones 3 days per week (Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays) after the technical section of regular practice. Training volume progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2-minute passive recovery between sets.
  • RSTG Protocol: Performed 20-meter linear maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery (slow walking) between repetitions and 3-4 minutes of passive rest between sets. Volume progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6).
  • Control Group: Maintained standard soccer training sessions planned by the head coach, without any additional physical conditioning intervention.

Assessments:

Body composition parameters were evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-418 MA). Laboratory testing included the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (Monark 834 E) with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight to assess peak and mean anaerobic power. Field testing included 10m and 20m sprint times using electronic photocells (Smart Speed Lite), change-of-direction performance via the Illinois Agility Test, and lower-body explosive power via the Countermovement Jump test (Smart Jump mat).

研究类型

介入性

注册 (实际的)

24

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

  • 土耳其（türkiye）
    • Central
      • Muş、Central、土耳其（türkiye）、49100
        • Football Facilities of the Mus Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports / Mus Alparslan University Exercise Physiology Laboratory

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 孩子
  • 成人

接受健康志愿者

是的

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Active male soccer players competing in the Regional Amateur League (BAL)
  • Age between 16 and 20 years
  • Voluntary participation with signed informed consent (and parental consent for minors)
  • No history of severe musculoskeletal injuries or orthopedic surgeries in the lower extremities within the past 6 months
  • Regular participation in team soccer practices

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Missing more than 10% of the scheduled training sessions during the 6-week intervention
  • Occurrence of any acute musculoskeletal injury or illness preventing full participation in tests or training
  • Simultaneous participation in external structured strength or conditioning programs outside the study protocol
  • Failure to complete all pre- or post-intervention performance tests

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：其他
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：并行分配
  • 屏蔽：无（打开标签）

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
实验性的：Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG)
Participants performed a 4 vs. 4 directional possession game ("4v4 Transition Possession") in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
行为的：Small-Sided Games Protocol
4 vs. 4 transition possession game played 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Loading progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2 min rest between sets.
行为的：Routine Soccer Training
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
实验性的：Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG)
Participants performed a 20-meter repeated sprint training protocol (100% maximal effort, 20s active rest between repetitions, 3-4 min rest between sets) in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
行为的：Routine Soccer Training
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
行为的：Repeated Sprint Protocol
20-meter linear repeated sprints at 100% maximal effort 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Loading progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6), with 20s active recovery between reps and 3-4 min rest between sets.
有源比较器：Control Group (Routine Soccer Training)
Participants engaged exclusively in their regular team soccer training sessions (technical, tactical, and conditioning drills) 3 days per week for 6 weeks, without any additional specialized sprint or small-sided game interventions.
行为的：Routine Soccer Training
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
10-Meter Sprint Time
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate short-distance acceleration. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
20-Meter Sprint Time
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate maximal linear speed. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Illinois Agility Test Time
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated using electronic photocell gates to assess change-of-direction ability and reactivity on a 10x5 meter course. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Countermovement Jump Height
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Lower-body explosive power was measured using a jump mat system (Smart Speed Lite Smart Jump). Participants performed maximal vertical jumps with hands on hips. The best height of two trials was recorded in centimeters.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Wingate Peak Power
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Maximal anaerobic power evaluated via a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test on a Monark 834 E bicycle ergometer with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight. Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Wingate Mean Power
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Anaerobic capacity evaluated via a 30-second Wingate test. Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Body Fat Percentage
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to measure total body fat percentage (%).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Fat-Free Mass
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to assess lean body mass in kilograms.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Body Mass Index
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²) using Tanita BC-418 MA.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Bitlis Eren University

合作者

Muş Alparslan University

调查人员

  • 首席研究员：Muhammed Z Kahraman, PhD、Bitlis Eren University

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (实际的)

2026年1月12日

初级完成 (实际的)

2026年2月28日

研究完成 (实际的)

2026年6月11日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年9月2日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年9月2日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年9月8日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年9月9日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年9月4日

最后验证

2026年9月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

关键字

其他研究编号

  • BEU-ANT-MZK-03

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

不

IPD 计划说明

IPD will not be made publicly available to protect participant privacy and maintain confidentiality. Aggregated statistical data and summary results are fully presented within the published study/thesis and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable academic request.

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.

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