Psychological Counseling Program for Emotional Intelligence and Learning Motivation in Children With Language Learning Difficulties

实验性的：Experimental Group: Counseling Program

experimental group that received the psychological counseling program

行为的：Psychological Counseling Program

The intervention in this study is distinguished by the following structural, theoretical, and practical features: Theoretical Framework Integration: Grounded in Mayer and Salovey's Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence, the intervention uniquely applies the Beyond Learning Difficulties framework and the Bio-Psycho-Social Model. Rather than focusing solely on linguistic remediation or academic deficit repair, it conceptualizes language learning difficulties as a multidimensional condition interacting with emotional, motivational, and social factors. Integrated Target Outcomes: It explicitly targets the dual enhancement of emotional intelligence (emotional knowledge, emotion regulation, emotion management, empathy, and social communication) and learning motivation (learning interest/engagement, persistence/effort, self-confidence/achievement motivation). Delivery Schedule & Setting: Delivered as a school-based group counseling program consisting of 34 structured group sessions over

实验性的：Control Group: No Counseling Program

Participants in this arm receive standard curriculum without the psychological counseling program

行为的：Psychological Counseling Program

The intervention in this study is distinguished by the following structural, theoretical, and practical features: Theoretical Framework Integration: Grounded in Mayer and Salovey's Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence, the intervention uniquely applies the Beyond Learning Difficulties framework and the Bio-Psycho-Social Model. Rather than focusing solely on linguistic remediation or academic deficit repair, it conceptualizes language learning difficulties as a multidimensional condition interacting with emotional, motivational, and social factors. Integrated Target Outcomes: It explicitly targets the dual enhancement of emotional intelligence (emotional knowledge, emotion regulation, emotion management, empathy, and social communication) and learning motivation (learning interest/engagement, persistence/effort, self-confidence/achievement motivation). Delivery Schedule & Setting: Delivered as a school-based group counseling program consisting of 34 structured group sessions over

Learning Motivation Scale

The final version of the Learning Motivation Scale consists of 30 items across three dimensions: (1) Learning Interest and Engagement (9 items), assessing children's interest in learning activities, willingness to participate, and positive attitudes toward classroom learning experiences; (2) Persistence and Effort in Learning (10 items), assessing children's ability to maintain effort, persist in completing academic tasks, and overcome learning difficulties; and (3) Self-Confidence and Achievement Motivation (11 items), assessing children's confidence in their learning abilities, desire to achieve success, and willingness to engage in challenging learning activities. Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). Negatively worded items are reverse-scored before calculating the total and dimension scores. The total score ranges from 30 to 150, with higher scores indicating higher levels of learning motivation.

Emotional Intelligence Scale

The final version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale consists of 60 items across five dimensions: (1) Emotion Management (13 items), (2) Empathy (12 items), (3) Emotion Regulation (13 items), (4) Emotional Knowledge (12 items), and (5) Social Communication (10 items). Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always). Negatively worded items are reverse-scored before calculating the total and subscale scores. The total score ranges from 60 to 300, with higher scores indicating higher levels of emotional intelligence.