Compulsive Eating and Brain's Reward System in Different Pathologies (BI-POTATOS)

实验性的：Study Group

Visit 1 : selection visit

• Inform consent and participation agreement
• Assessment of the disease and eating behavior disorder severity, medication taken, as well as a standard medical examination (measurement of weight, height and blood pressure) Cognitive function, impulsive trait of personality, depression, anxiety, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behavior disorder and pain will be assessed.

Visit 2 : investigational visit

• MRI scan
• neuropsychological assessments

其他：MRI/ MRS (Magnetic Resonance Imaging /Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy)

Neuropsychological assessment : motor impulsivity, motor inhibition, cognitive impulsivity (Stroop); decision making in an ambiguous context (Iowa Gambling Task), time perception (delay discounting reward task) and risk taking (Balloon analog Risk task).

MRI : The subjects will be scanned using a 3-Tesla MAGNETOM Vida scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 64 channel head coil Dietician : 3 days food record

其他名称：

• 神经心理学评估
• 营养师

Assessment of resting state seed-based functional connectivity from the limbic striatum (seed: ventral striatum) by MRI.

MRI is a 3-Tesla MAGNETOM Vida scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 64 channel head coil.

The subjects were asked to hold still, with their eyes open and not to think of anything particular. Foam padding was employed to reduce head movement and earplugs were used to reduce scanner noise.

The high resolution anatomical images were obtained through a T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence with the following parameters: repetition time (TR): 2300 ms, echo time (TE): 3.08 ms, inversion time (IT): 900 ms, flip angle (FA): 9°, matrix: 288 x 288, 176 slices, slice thickness: 1mm.

Resting-state functional MRI images were obtained using an EPI sequence with the following parameters: TR: 3000ms, TE: 30ms, FA: 81°, field of view (FOV): 192 mm, 55 slices, slice thickness: 3.3 mm, gap between slices: 3.3 mm, pixel bandwidth: 2441 Hz/Pixel, number of time points: 180, acquisition duration: 9 minutes).

Demographical data

sex

Demographical data

Age (year)

Demographical data

weight (kg)

Demographical data

size (m)

Parkinson Disease severity

Assessment of parkinson desease with the MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorders Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale ) scale, completed by the investigator.

Bipolar Disease severity

Assessment of bipolar desease with MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and YMRS (Young Mania Rating Scale) scale, completed by the investigator.

Obesity disease severity

Obesity classification according to Health French Agency (Haute Autorité de Santé) 2022, completed by the investigator.

Impulsive trait of Personality according the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11)

This self questionnaire is completed by the patient during the selection visit

Eating behavior disorder severity

Self reported eating behavior disorder using 3 questionnaires (QEWP5 (Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns5), DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) and food craving questionnaire))

Presence of Anxiety and/or depression according the Beck depression and anxiety scale

These self questionnaires is completed by the patient during the selection visit

Presence of restless legs syndrome according the International Restless Legs Syndrome (Rating Scale)

This questionnaire is completed by the investigator during the selection visit

Intensity and Pain caracteristics

Patients will evaluate their pain using 2 self questionnaires (3-PDQ, BPI (Brief Pain Inventory))

Impulsive compulsive behaviors rating scale for PD (QUIP-RS)

The QUIP-RS is a brief 28-item patient-reported or clinician-rated scale developped for measure of severity of ICDs. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale assessing frequency of symptoms with a range of scores from 0 (never) to 4 (very often).

Spontaneous food intake

Patients will report thier spontaneous food intake for 3 days using a dietary data collected. Patient nutritional intakes will be analysed using Nutrilog software

Motor impulsivity (Go/No Go task)

Motor impulsivity will be assessed with the Go/No-go task. It is a simple experimental paradigm that requires participants to respond as quickly as possible (Go) to a particular class of stimuli, for example by pressing a key on a keyboard, and not to respond to other classes of stimuli (No Go). The key behaviour measured with this experiment is the participants' ability to withhold a response on No-go trials.

Motor inhibition (Stop Signal Task (SST))

The Stop Signal Task (SST) is a test that measures motor inhibition. The participant must respond quickly to Go stimuli but interrupt their response when a stop signal appears. The key index, the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT), reflects the time required to stop an ongoing action. This test will be performed by neuropsychologist.

Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)

IGT assesses risk-based learning by relying on a system of rewards and punishments within a simulated context of uncertainty, representing a real-life decision-making situation.

Participants choose cards from four decks, each associated with varying amounts of monetary gains and losses. Over time, advantageous decks yield higher net rewards, while disadvantageous decks lead to net losses.

Performance on the task reflects an individual's capacity to balance immediate rewards against long-term outcomes, thereby providing insight into adaptive decision-making and risk evaluation processes.

This test will be performed by neuropsychologist.

Cognitive impulsivity (Stroop)

The Stroop Test is a cognitive task designed to evaluate attentional control and the ability to inhibit automatic responses when faced with conflicting information. Participants are asked to name the color of the ink in which words are printed, even when the word itself refers to a different color (e.g., GREEN printed in red ink). This requires suppressing the automatic tendency to read the word and instead focusing on the ink color. The difference in performance between congruent and incongruent conditions, known as the Stroop interference effect, is a key indicator of cognitive inhibition and executive control. This test will be performed by neuropsychologist.

Time perception (delay discounting reward task)

Participants make choices between two alternatives: a larger reward available after a delay (across seven delay intervals) and a smaller reward available immediately. The value of the immediate reward is systematically adjusted, either increasing or decreasing, in separate blocks. The task assesses preferences for immediate versus delayed gratification using two reward types: money and food. This test will be performed by neuropsychologist.

Balloon analog Risk task

Participants are given 30 balloons (by default). For each balloon, they can choose either to inflate it further or to collect their earnings. With each successful inflation, they can earn money. However, if a balloon bursts before the participant collects the potential earnings, they lose all potential gains associated with that balloon.

The average number of pumps on balloons that do not burst is the primary dependent variable in this paradigm. A higher number of pumps reflects increased risk-taking behavior. This test will be performed by neuropsychologist.

Surface based (Freesurfer) and Voxel based (SPM) morphometry performed by MRI

MRI is a 3-Tesla MAGNETOM Vida scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 64 channel head coil.

The subjects were asked to hold still, with their eyes open and not to think of anything particular. Foam padding was employed to reduce head movement and earplugs were used to reduce scanner noise.

The high resolution anatomical images were obtained through a T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence with the following parameters: repetition time (TR): 2300 ms, echo time (TE): 3.08 ms, inversion time (IT): 900 ms, flip angle (FA): 9°, matrix: 288 x 288, 176 slices, slice thickness: 1mm.

Resting-state functional MRI images were obtained using an EPI sequence with the following parameters: TR: 3000ms, TE: 30ms, FA: 81°, field of view (FOV): 192 mm, 55 slices, slice thickness: 3.3 mm, gap between slices: 3.3 mm, pixel bandwidth: 2441 Hz/Pixel, number of time points: 180, acquisition duration: 9 minutes).

Structural connectivity (MRtrix and TRACTseg) performed by MRI

MRI is a 3-Tesla MAGNETOM Vida scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 64 channel head coil.

The subjects were asked to hold still, with their eyes open and not to think of anything particular. Foam padding was employed to reduce head movement and earplugs were used to reduce scanner noise.

The high resolution anatomical images were obtained through a T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence with the following parameters: repetition time (TR): 2300 ms, echo time (TE): 3.08 ms, inversion time (IT): 900 ms, flip angle (FA): 9°, matrix: 288 x 288, 176 slices, slice thickness: 1mm.

Resting-state functional MRI images were obtained using an EPI sequence with the following parameters: TR: 3000ms, TE: 30ms, FA: 81°, field of view (FOV): 192 mm, 55 slices, slice thickness: 3.3 mm, gap between slices: 3.3 mm, pixel bandwidth: 2441 Hz/Pixel, number of time points: 180, acquisition duration: 9 minutes).

Resting state seed-based functional connectivity from the limbic striatum performed by MRI

MRI is a 3-Tesla MAGNETOM Vida scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 64 channel head coil.

The subjects were asked to hold still, with their eyes open and not to think of anything particular. Foam padding was employed to reduce head movement and earplugs were used to reduce scanner noise.

The high resolution anatomical images were obtained through a T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence with the following parameters: repetition time (TR): 2300 ms, echo time (TE): 3.08 ms, inversion time (IT): 900 ms, flip angle (FA): 9°, matrix: 288 x 288, 176 slices, slice thickness: 1mm.

Resting-state functional MRI images were obtained using an EPI sequence with the following parameters: TR: 3000ms, TE: 30ms, FA: 81°, field of view (FOV): 192 mm, 55 slices, slice thickness: 3.3 mm, gap between slices: 3.3 mm, pixel bandwidth: 2441 Hz/Pixel, number of time points: 180, acquisition duration: 9 minutes).