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Listening Volume Adjustment in Bone and Air Conduction Headphones

2026年11月9日 更新者：Xiao Liu、Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine

Behavioral Comparison of Self-Adjusted Listening Volume in Bone Conduction Versus Air Conduction Headphones in Noise

Open-ear bone conduction headphones are increasingly used as an alternative to conventional in-ear air conduction headphones. Because bone conduction headphones do not block the ear canal, it is often assumed that users may be more affected by background noise and may increase their listening volume to hear music clearly. However, direct evidence supporting this assumption is limited.

This study aims to compare self-adjusted listening volumes between bone conduction and air conduction headphones under different background noise conditions. Approximately 32 healthy adults aged 18-35 years with normal hearing will participate in the study. Each participant will test three listening conditions: in-ear air conduction headphones, open-ear bone conduction headphones, and bone conduction headphones combined with ear occlusion. Each condition will be tested in a quiet environment and under four levels of background noise (30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A)).

Participants will listen to the same music and adjust the volume themselves to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. The selected listening volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded and compared across headphone types and noise conditions.

The findings may provide behavioral evidence on whether open-ear bone conduction headphone users choose higher listening volumes in noisy environments compared with users of conventional in-ear air conduction headphones, helping to improve understanding of potential noise exposure and hearing safety.

研究概览

地位

招聘中

条件

干预/治疗

研究类型

介入性

注册 (估计的)

32

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习联系方式

学习地点

  • 中国
    • Zhejiang
      • Hangzhou、Zhejiang、中国、310000
        • 招聘中
        • The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine
        • 接触：

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

18年 至 35年 (成人)

接受健康志愿者

是的

有资格学习的性别

全部

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age 18-35 years.
  2. Type A, As, or Ad tympanogram in both ears.
  3. Normal hearing in both ears, defined as pure-tone hearing thresholds of ≤20 dB HL at each of the following frequencies: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz.
  4. Willingness to participate and ability to understand and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of prolonged exposure to high-intensity noise.
  2. History of prolonged use of ototoxic medications.
  3. History of otologic diseases resulting in permanent changes in hearing thresholds.
  4. Previous diagnosis of hereditary hearing loss or a definite family history of 5. hearing loss.
  5. History of migraine or other neurological disorders that may affect sound tolerance, auditory perception, or study performance.
  6. History of epilepsy, sound-induced seizures, or unexplained episodes of loss of consciousness or convulsions.
  7. Current bothersome tinnitus or symptoms of hyperacusis.
  8. Any other condition that may make participation in the study inappropriate, including psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, substance or alcohol dependence, inability to comply with study procedures, or other medical or social factors considered relevant by the investigator.

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：基础科学
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：交叉作业
  • 屏蔽：无（打开标签）

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
实验性的：AC-BC

Participants will first use in-ear air conduction headphones (AC), followed by open-ear bone conduction headphones (BC), and then bone conduction headphones combined with ear occlusion (BC+Occlusion). Each listening condition will be tested in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). Participants will independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear.
行为的：In-ear Air Conduction Headphones

Participants will wear in-ear air conduction headphones and independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

行为的：Open-ear Bone Conduction Headphones

Participants will wear open-ear bone conduction headphones and independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

行为的：Bone Conduction Headphones with Ear Occlusion

Participants will wear open-ear bone conduction headphones while simultaneously inserting in-ear air conduction headphones into both ear canals to create an ear occlusion condition. Music will be delivered exclusively through the bone conduction headphones. Participants will independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.
实验性的：BC-AC

Participants will first use open-ear bone conduction headphones (BC), followed by in-ear air conduction headphones (AC), and then bone conduction headphones combined with ear occlusion (BC+Occlusion). Each listening condition will be tested in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). Participants will independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear.
行为的：In-ear Air Conduction Headphones

Participants will wear in-ear air conduction headphones and independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

行为的：Open-ear Bone Conduction Headphones

Participants will wear open-ear bone conduction headphones and independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

行为的：Bone Conduction Headphones with Ear Occlusion

Participants will wear open-ear bone conduction headphones while simultaneously inserting in-ear air conduction headphones into both ear canals to create an ear occlusion condition. Music will be delivered exclusively through the bone conduction headphones. Participants will independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Change in Self-Adjusted Listening Volume From Quiet to 60 dB(A) Background Noise Levels
大体时间：During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The change in final self-adjusted music volume from the quiet condition to the 60 dB(A) background noise condition will be calculated separately for each headphone condition (in-ear air conduction headphones [AC] and open-ear bone conduction headphones [BC]). The change will be calculated as the final volume at 60 dB(A) minus the final volume in the quiet condition. The differences in volume change among the two headphone conditions will be compared.
During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Change in Self-Adjusted Listening Volume From Quiet to 30, 40, and 50 dB(A) Background Noise Levels
大体时间：During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The change in final self-adjusted music volume from the quiet condition to each background noise level (30, 40, and 50 dB(A)) will be calculated separately for in-ear air conduction headphones (AC) and open-ear bone conduction headphones (BC). The change will be calculated as the final volume at each noise level minus the final volume in the quiet condition. The volume changes between the two headphone conditions will be compared at each noise level.
During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Final Self-Adjusted Listening Volume at Different Background Noise Levels
大体时间：During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The final self-adjusted music volume at quiet condition, 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A) background noise levels will be recorded and compared between AC and BC headphones.
During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Number of Volume Adjustments
大体时间：During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The total number of individual volume adjustments made by each participant during each test will be recorded and compared between AC and BC headphones under different background noise conditions.
During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Total Time Required for Volume Adjustment
大体时间：During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The total time from the beginning of volume adjustment to reaching the final self-adjusted listening volume will be recorded and compared between AC and BC headphones under different background noise conditions.
During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Cumulative Magnitude of Volume Adjustments
大体时间：During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The cumulative magnitude of volume adjustments during each test will be calculated as the sum of the absolute values of all individual volume changes, regardless of the direction of adjustment, and compared between AC and BC headphones under different background noise conditions.
During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Subjective Perception of Vibration During Bone Conduction Headphone Use
大体时间：During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

Participants will be asked whether they perceive vibration while using bone conduction headphones at their final selected listening volume. The presence or absence of perceived vibration will be recorded under different background noise conditions.
During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

其他结果措施

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Change in Self-Adjusted Listening Volume With Ear Occlusion During Bone Conduction Listening
大体时间：During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The change in final self-adjusted music volume from the quiet condition to each background noise condition (30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A)) will be calculated when participants use bone conduction headphones with bilateral ear occlusion (BC+Occlusion). The results will be compared with those obtained using bone conduction headphones without ear occlusion (BC) to evaluate the effect of ear occlusion on noise-induced volume adjustment.
During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Final Self-Adjusted Listening Volume With Ear Occlusion During Bone Conduction Listening
大体时间：Time Frame: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The final self-adjusted music volume under quiet and background noise conditions (30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A)) will be recorded during bone conduction headphone use with bilateral ear occlusion (BC+Occlusion) and compared with the corresponding BC condition without ear occlusion.
Time Frame: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (估计的)

2026年11月1日

初级完成 (估计的)

2027年6月30日

研究完成 (估计的)

2027年6月30日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年11月4日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年11月9日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年11月12日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年11月12日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年11月9日

最后验证

2026年11月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

其他研究编号

  • SAHZU-ACBC-001

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

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