Thrower's Ten Versus Conventional Conditioning in Amateur Discus Throwers
Association of Thrower's Ten Conditioning With Changes in Throwing Distance and Shoulder Strength in Amateur Male Discus Throwers: a Retrospective Cohort Study
調査の概要
詳細な説明
This is a retrospective observational comparative study evaluating previously completed training records of amateur male discus throwers. The study compares athletes who participated in a Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme with athletes who participated in conventional conditioning. Participant allocation to the training programmes was not performed prospectively according to a research randomization protocol; programme assignment was primarily related to scheduling and facility availability.
The analysis includes athletes for whom complete records were available for the relevant assessment time points. The primary outcome is discus-throwing distance. Secondary outcomes comprise shoulder muscle strength measured using manual muscle testing. Outcome assessments were available at baseline and subsequent assessment points during the training period, including the end-of-training assessment.
The primary analysis evaluates differences in the pattern of change over time between the two training groups using a mixed-design analysis of variance, with the time-by-group interaction representing the principal longitudinal comparison. Multiple outcomes were considered and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold was applied. Difference-in-change estimates and confidence intervals were also calculated. Exploratory covariate-adjusted sensitivity analyses were performed for selected outcomes.
Because the study is based on previously completed records, the findings represent associations between participation in the respective training programmes and changes in throwing performance and shoulder strength. The study does not establish that the Thrower's Ten exercise content alone caused the observed differences. Differences in programme progression and unmeasured training factors, including throwing volume, may have contributed to the observed results.
The study is intended to provide preliminary evidence regarding the relationship between a structured Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme and performance-related outcomes in amateur male discus throwers and to inform future prospective controlled studies.
研究の種類
入学 (実際)
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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Tamil Nadu
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Chennai、Tamil Nadu、インド、602105
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospital [SMCH]
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
サンプリング方法
調査対象母集団
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male amateur discus throwers aged 18-25 years.
- Participants who participated in either the Thrower's Ten conditioning programme or the conventional conditioning programme.
- Participants with the required baseline, Week 4, and Week 8 outcome records available for analysis.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Participants with incomplete outcome records required for the analysis.
- Participants who did not complete the required training programme or assessment schedule.
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
コホートと介入
グループ/コホート |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
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Thrower's Ten Conditioning Group
Amateur male discus throwers who participated in the Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme.
The cohort was identified retrospectively from previously completed training records.
Outcomes included discus-throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength assessed at the available study time points.
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An 8-week Thrower's Ten conditioning program for amateur male discus throwers, consisting of supervised shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises performed 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes per session.
The program was based on the Thrower's Ten exercise series and incorporated progressive resistance during the training period.
The program was administered as part of the athletes' routine conditioning.
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Conventional Conditioning Group
Amateur male discus throwers who participated in the conventional conditioning programme.
The cohort was identified retrospectively from previously completed training records.
Outcomes included discus-throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength assessed at the available study time points.
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An 8-week conventional conditioning program consisting of shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises, including prone horizontal abduction, horizontal abduction at 90° external rotation, side-lying external rotation, standing row, military press, towel stretch, crossover arm stretch, and sleeper stretch.
Training was performed 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes per session.
Progression in the conventional cohort was determined at the discretion of the trainer.
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Discus-Throwing Distance
時間枠：Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Discus-throwing distance measured in metres.
Athletes performed three legal discus throws following a standardised warm-up, with 1-2 minutes of rest between attempts.
The longest valid throw was recorded.
Two trained evaluators independently identified the initial ground-contact point and measured the throwing distance using a standard measuring tape.
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Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Isometric Shoulder Flexor Muscle Strength
時間枠：Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric shoulder flexor muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST).
Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
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Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric Shoulder Extensor Muscle Strength
時間枠：Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric shoulder extensor muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST).
Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
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Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric Shoulder Abductor Muscle Strength
時間枠：Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric shoulder abductor muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST).
Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
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Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric Shoulder Internal Rotator Muscle Strength
時間枠：Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric shoulder internal rotator muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST).
Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
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Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric Shoulder External Rotator Muscle Strength
時間枠：Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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Isometric shoulder external rotator muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST).
Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
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Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
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協力者と研究者
スポンサー
捜査官
- 主任研究者：Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian、Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
出版物と役立つリンク
一般刊行物
- von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007 Oct 16;4(10):e296. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296.
- Souza LA, Martins JC, Moura JB, Teixeira-Salmela LF, De Paula FV, Faria CD. Assessment of muscular strength with the modified sphygmomanometer test: what is the best method and source of outcome values? Braz J Phys Ther. 2014 Mar-Apr;18(2):191-200. doi: 10.1590/s1413-35552012005000149.
- Gokalp O, Kirmizigil B. Effects of Thrower's Ten exercises on upper extremity performance: A randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Oct 16;99(42):e22837. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022837.
- Brito SAF, Santana MM, Benfica PDA, Aguiar LT, Gomes GC, Faria CDCM. The modified sphygmomanometer test for assessment of muscle strength of community-dwelling older adults in clinical practice: reliability and validity. Disabil Rehabil. 2022 Jan;44(1):131-138. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1758804. Epub 2020 May 12.
- Zaras N, Stasinaki AN, Terzis G. Biological Determinants of Track and Field Throwing Performance. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 May 7;6(2):40. doi: 10.3390/jfmk6020040.
- Leigh S, Yu B. The associations of selected technical parameters with discus throwing performance: a cross-sectional study. Sports Biomech. 2007 Sep;6(3):269-84. doi: 10.1080/14763140701489744.
- Bartlett RM. The biomechanics of the discus throw: a review. J Sports Sci. 1992 Oct;10(5):467-510. doi: 10.1080/02640419208729944.
- Wilk KE, Yenchak AJ, Arrigo CA, Andrews JR. The Advanced Throwers Ten Exercise Program: a new exercise series for enhanced dynamic shoulder control in the overhead throwing athlete. Phys Sportsmed. 2011 Nov;39(4):90-7. doi: 10.3810/psm.2011.11.1943.
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
一次修了 (実際)
研究の完了 (実際)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
キーワード
その他の研究ID番号
- 028/10/2024/ISRB/UGSR/SCPT
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