Effect of Cervical Force Control Training on Force Sense and Steadiness in Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain
Chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP) is a very common issue among young adults, often linked to poor posture, prolonged screen time, and sedentary habits. This persistent pain can change how the neck muscles work and control movement. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a specific type of rehabilitation-called "cervical force control training"-can help improve how well people can feel and control their neck muscle strength, and whether this reduces their pain and improves their daily function.
Researchers will invite young adults (18 to 24 years old) who have had neck pain for at least 3 months to participate. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups:
Force Control Training Group: Will receive a new training program that uses a handheld dynamometer with a screen to help them practice holding steady, precise neck muscle contractions with visual feedback.
Conventional Exercise Group: Will receive a standard physical therapy program consisting of neck muscle stretches and shoulder-blade strengthening exercises.
Both groups will perform their exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Researchers will measure participants' neck muscle steadiness, pain levels, and neck disability before the program starts, right after the 8-week program ends, and again at a 3-month follow-up to evaluate the long-lasting effects.
調査の概要
状態
条件
詳細な説明
Chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP) involves persistent cervical pain without an identifiable structural pathology. Recent evidence suggests that CNSNP is closely associated with sensorimotor control deficits, including impaired proprioception and diminished force steadiness (the neuromuscular ability to produce and sustain precise submaximal force levels with minimal fluctuations). While conventional exercises improve strength and reduce pain, they often neglect the fine-motor precision and sensorimotor integration necessary for optimal neck function.
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) is designed to investigate the effect of cervical force control training compared to conventional neck exercises on force sense, force steadiness, pain intensity, and functional disability in young adults (18-24 years) with CNSNP.
Following baseline assessments for maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), force sense, and force steadiness (quantified by the coefficient of variation) using a Handheld Dynamometer (HHD), as well as clinical measures (VAS for pain, NDI for disability), eligible participants will be randomized into two groups:
Experimental Group (Force Control Training):
Participants will undergo an 8-week targeted training program (3 sessions/week, 30-40 mins each). The protocol utilizes submaximal isometric contractions with visual feedback via an HHD device paired with an application. The program progresses systematically through three phases: Phase 1 (Calibration & Reference at MVIC), Phase 2 (Acquisition using descending submaximal intensities 25% to 10% MVIC with continuous visual tracking), and Phase 3 (Retention & Transfer involving faded/no feedback and complex dual-tasking, such as auditory monitoring or arithmetic).
Control Group (Conventional Exercise Training):
Participants will undergo an 8-week program (3 sessions/week, 30 mins each) consisting of standard cervical stretching (upper trapezius and levator scapulae) and scapular strengthening/stabilization exercises (e.g., side-lying external rotation, side-lying forward flexion, prone extension, and push-up plus). Resistance will be tailored based on gender and body weight.
Re-evaluations will be conducted immediately post-intervention (at 8 weeks) and at a 3-month follow-up. The study aims to establish whether integrating specific force-control tasks offers superior benefits in restoring sensorimotor function and alleviating symptoms in patients with CNSNP compared to conventional rehabilitation alone.
研究の種類
入学 (推定)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究連絡先
- 名前：Mohamed M Refaey, M.Sc.
- 電話番号：00201030290667
- メール：mohamed_salama@pt.kfs.edu.eg
研究連絡先のバックアップ
- 名前：Refaey
- メール：mohamed_salama@pt.kfs.edu.eg
研究場所
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Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate
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Kafr ash Shaykh、Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate、エジプト
- Faculty of Physical Therapy
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コンタクト：
- Mohamed M Refaey, M.Sc.
- 電話番号：00201030290667
- メール：mohamed_salama@pt.kfs.edu.eg
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主任研究者：
- Mohamed M Refaey, M.Sc.
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-
参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients diagnosed with Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain (CNSNP) lasting >= 3 months.
- Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m² (non-obese).
- Pain intensity >= 30 mm on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
- Neck disability ranging from mild to moderate (10% to 48%) on the Neck Disability Index (NDI).
- Able to perform isometric contractions with visual feedback.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Shoulder/upper limb fractures or replacement (<12 months), or moderate-severe shoulder osteoarthritis (OA).
- Cervical radiculopathy/myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, vestibular disorders, or history of stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).
- Upper limb pathology (tendinopathy, capsulitis), thoracic outlet syndrome, or fibromyalgia.
- Received neck-specific physiotherapy within the last 3 months.
- Severe osteoporosis, uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >9%), or active infection/inflammation.
- Cervical injections or surgery within the last 6 months.
- Inability to follow 2-step instructions.
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：処理
- 割り当て：ランダム化
- 介入モデル：並列代入
- マスキング：独身
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
|
実験的：Experimental Group: Force Control Training
Patients in this group will receive an 8-week cervical force control training program (3 sessions/week).
The training involves submaximal isometric neck contractions using visual feedback via a Handheld Dynamometer, progressing from simple feedback-assisted holds to complex dual-task exercises.
|
An 8-week program (3 sessions/week, 30-40 mins each) utilizing submaximal isometric neck contractions with visual feedback via a Handheld Dynamometer.
The protocol progresses through three phases: initial calibration, acquisition using descending target intensities (25% to 10% MVIC) with continuous visual tracking, and retention/transfer using faded or no feedback combined with dual-tasking (e.g., auditory monitoring or arithmetic).
|
|
アクティブコンパレータ：Active Comparator: Conventional Exercise Training
Patients in this group will receive an 8-week conventional exercise program (3 sessions/week).
The program includes standard cervical stretching (upper trapezius and levator scapulae) and scapular strengthening and stabilization exercises.
|
An 8-week program (3 sessions/week, 30 mins each) consisting of standard cervical stretching for the upper trapezius and levator scapulae muscles, alongside scapular strengthening and stabilization exercises (e.g., side-lying external rotation, side-lying forward flexion, prone extension, and push-up plus).
Resistance is tailored based on patient gender and body weight.
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Cervical Force Sense
時間枠：Baseline, 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention), and 3-month follow-up
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Assessed using a Handheld Dynamometer (HHD) during force reproduction tasks.
It is measured by calculating the absolute error between a target submaximal force and the reproduced force without visual feedback.
Lower error values indicate better force sense and proprioception.
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Baseline, 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention), and 3-month follow-up
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Cervical Force Steadiness
時間枠：Baseline, 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention), and 3-month follow-up
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Evaluated by calculating the Coefficient of Variation (CoV) of force during submaximal isometric cervical contractions using a Handheld Dynamometer (HHD).
Lower CoV percentages indicate better force steadiness and neuromuscular control.
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Baseline, 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention), and 3-month follow-up
|
二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Neck Functional Disability (Neck Disability Index - NDI)
時間枠：Baseline, 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention), and 3-month follow-up
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A 10-item patient-completed questionnaire assessing how neck pain affects the ability to manage everyday life activities.
Total scores range from 0 to 50, which can be expressed as a percentage (0-100%).
Higher scores indicate greater patient-rated functional disability.
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Baseline, 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention), and 3-month follow-up
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Pain Intensity (Visual Analogue Scale - VAS)
時間枠：Baseline, 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention), and 3-month follow-up
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Pain intensity is assessed using a 100-mm horizontal line, anchored by "no pain" at 0 mm and "worst imaginable pain" at 100 mm.
Lower scores indicate a lower level of pain.
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Baseline, 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention), and 3-month follow-up
|
協力者と研究者
スポンサー
出版物と役立つリンク
一般刊行物
- Peng B, Yang L, Li Y, Liu T, Liu Y. Cervical Proprioception Impairment in Neck Pain-Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Management: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):143-164. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00230-z. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
- Vaillancourt DE, Slifkin AB, Newell KM. Inter-digit individuation and force variability in the precision grip of young, elderly, and Parkinson's disease participants. Motor Control. 2002 Apr;6(2):113-28. doi: 10.1123/mcj.6.2.113.
- Arvanitidis M, Falla D, Sanderson A, Martinez-Valdes E. Does pain influence control of muscle force? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain. 2025 Feb;29(2):e4716. doi: 10.1002/ejp.4716. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
- Vannebo KT, Iversen VM, Fimland MS, Mork PJ. Test-retest reliability of a handheld dynamometer for measurement of isometric cervical muscle strength. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2018;31(3):557-565. doi: 10.3233/BMR-170829.
- Zaidi, S., Khan, S. A., Zaki, S., Sundus, H., Alam, M. F., & Nuhmani, S. (2025). Effectiveness of sensorimotor training on pain, cervical joint position sense, range of motion, balance, and disability in chronic neck pain: A systematic review. Heliyon, 11(10), Article e43409.
- Muceli S, Farina D, Kirkesola G, Katch F, Falla D. Reduced force steadiness in women with neck pain and the effect of short term vibration. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011 Apr;21(2):283-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.11.011. Epub 2010 Dec 30.
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (推定)
一次修了 (推定)
研究の完了 (推定)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
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最終確認日
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本研究に関する用語
追加の関連 MeSH 用語
その他の研究ID番号
- P.T.REC/012/006579
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