Computerized Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients (CGAO-REA)
Impact of the Use of a Computerized Protocol for Glucose Control Named CGAOtm on the Outcome of Critically Ill Patients
연구 개요
상세 설명
Hyperglycemia in response to critical illness has long been associated with adverse outcomes.
In 2001, the first "Leuven study", a randomized controlled trial conducted in surgical intensive care patients comparing a strategy based on a nurse-driven protocol for insulin therapy in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels [80 - 110 mg/dl] with standard care defined at the time as intravenous insulin started only when blood glucose level exceeded 215 mg/dl and then adjusted to keep blood glucose level between 180 and 200 mg/dl, showed a reduction in hospital mortality by one third.
The results of this trial have been enthusiastically received and rapidly incorporated into guidelines, such as the Surviving Sepsis Campaign in 2004, and now endorsed internationally by numerous professional societies.
However, subsequent randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm a mortality benefit with intensive insulin therapy among critically ill patients, in whom stress hypoglycemia is common. Moreover the Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation - Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation (NICE-SUGAR) study, an international multicentre trial involving 6104 patients, the largest trial of insulin therapy to date, showed a lower 90-day mortality in the control group targeted blood glucose levels inferior to 180 mg/dl when compared to the intervention group with tight glucose control [80 - 110 mg/dl].
In addition, many studies and meta-analyses have reported high rates of hypoglycemia with tight glucose control. Consequently, considerable controversy has emerged as to whether tight glucose control is warranted in all critically ill patients especially as tight glucose control (without appropriate computer protocol) causes a significant increase in nurse workload.
The conflicting results between the first Leuven study and the NICE-SUGAR study could be explained by numerous differences between the two trials : the specific method (algorithms, compliance of nurses and physicians with recommendations, etc) used to achieve tight glucose control in each randomized control trial could be a major issue.
Several experimental and observational studies have highlighted the possible negative impact of glucose variability (large fluctuations in blood glucose possibly with undetected hypoglycemia and hypokalemia alternating with hyperglycemia) when implementing tight glucose control, be it due to the intrinsic properties of the algorithms used, technical factors (errors in measurements of the blood glucose level or lack of control over intravenous insulin therapy) or human factors (delay in performing glucose measurements or non respect of recommendations not based on clinical expertise but as a consequence of insufficient training inducing a lack of confidence in the algorithms by inexperienced nurses).
Therefore, remaining concerns about the best way to achieve glucose control in the ICU reduce the impact of conclusions of all of the recent randomized controlled trials on tight glucose control : are the negative results due to the concept, tight glucose control with intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients in order to reduce the toxicity of high blood glucose levels, or are the negative results mainly due to specific methods used for achieving tight glucose control ? In most cases the methods used in clinical trials were never tested in numerical patients according to existing and validated models (in SILICO expertise) before implementing them in clinical practice on real patients.
Particularly, whether the use of a clinical computerized decision-support system (CDSS) designed for achieving tight glucose control in various ICU settings, and fine-tuned to reduce glucose variability, without increasing the incidence of severe hypoglycemia nor the nurse workload, has an impact on the outcome of patients staying at least three days in an ICU remains to be tested.
Among the different CDSS, the CGAOtm software has been developed to standardize different aspects of glucose control in an ICU setting based on 1) explicit replicable recommendations following each blood glucose level measurement concerning insulin rates and time to next measurement, 2) reminders and alerts and 3) various graphic tools, trends, and individual on-line data aiming to increase the confidence of the nursing staff in the computer protocol and therefore their adherence, to reduce necessary training time, and to give physicians and nurses a way to control the tight glucose control process during the whole ICU stay. Moreover, the CGAOtm software is designed to take into account irregular sampling, saturations, and some precision and stability issues.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the capability of the CGAOtm software to reduce 90-day mortality in a mixed ICU population of patients requiring intensive care for at least three days.
Sample size and power calculations. The expected all cause 90-day mortality in the control group is 25 % (identical to the observed all cause 90-day mortality in the control group of the NICE-SUGAR trial). Considering that all cause 90-day mortality in the experimental group (computer protocol group) is expected to be 22 % (absolute reduction of 3 %), considering an alpha risk and a beta risk respectively of 0.05 and 0.20 and three intermediate analyses performed according to the O'Brien-Fleming design, 3,211 patients per treatment arms are needed and will be recruited from the participating 60 centres, all located in France.
연구 유형
등록 (실제)
단계
- 3단계
연락처 및 위치
연구 장소
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Amiens, 프랑스, 80054
- C.H.U. Hôpital Nord
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Avignon, 프랑스, 84902
- C.H. d'Avignon
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Bondy, 프랑스, 93143
- G.H.U. Nord Hôpital Jean Verdier
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Bruges, 프랑스, 33520
- Polyclinique Jean Vilar
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Bry sur Marne, 프랑스, 94366
- Hôpital Sainte-Camille
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Chartres, 프랑스, 28018
- C.H. de Chartres
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Chateauroux, 프랑스, 36019
- C.H. Châteauroux
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Corbeil-Essonnes, 프랑스, 91006
- Hôpital Sud-Francilien - Site Corbeil
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Cornebarrieu, 프랑스, 31700
- Clinique des Cèdres
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Dreux, 프랑스, 28012
- C.H. Victor Jousselin
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Garches, 프랑스, 92380
- Raymond Poincaré
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La Roche Sur Yon, 프랑스, 85925
- Centre Hospitalier Departemental Les Oudairies
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Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 프랑스, 94275
- G.H.U. Sud Bicêtre
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Mantes-La-Jolie, 프랑스, 78200
- Hôpital de Mantes-La-Jolie
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Marseille, 프랑스, 13002
- Hopital Paul Desbief
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Marseille, 프랑스, 13005
- C.H.U. La Timone
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Marseille, 프랑스, 13291
- Hôpital Ambroise Paré
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Montpellier, 프랑스, 34295
- C.H.U. de -Hôpital Saint-Eloi
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Montpellier, 프랑스, 34925
- C.H.U. Lapeyronie
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Nantes, 프랑스, 44093
- C.H.U. Nantes - Hôpital Laennec
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Nice, 프랑스, 06006
- C.H.U. de Nice - Hôpital Saint-Roch
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Paris, 프랑스, 75015
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou
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Paris, 프랑스, 75674
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris
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Paris, 프랑스, 75651
- G.H.U. Pitié-Salpétriêre
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Paris, 프랑스, 75877
- G.H.U. Nord Claude Bernard
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Pau, 프랑스, 64046
- C.H. de Pau
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Pessac, 프랑스, 33604
- CHU de Bordeaux - Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hôpital Haut Lévêque
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Pontoise, 프랑스, 95301
- C.H. René Dubos
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Rodez, 프랑스, 12000
- C.H. Bourran
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Rouen, 프랑스, 76031
- C.H.U. Hôpitaux de Rouen
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Suresnes, 프랑스, 92151
- Hopital Foch
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Toulon, 프랑스, 83100
- C.H. Intercommunal - Hôpital Font-Pré
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Toulouse, 프랑스, 31059
- C.H.U. Purpan
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Toulouse, 프랑스, 31059
- C.H.U. Rangueil
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Tours, 프랑스, 37044
- C.H.R.U. de Tours
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참여기준
자격 기준
공부할 수 있는 나이
건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다
연구 대상 성별
설명
Inclusion Criteria:
- At time of the patient's admission to the ICU, the treating ICU specialist expects the patient will require treatment in the ICU that extends beyond the calendar day following the day of admission.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Age < 18 years or patient under guardianship.
- Pregnancy.
- Moribund patient or imminent death in the ICU (e.g. patient expected to die in the ICU within 24 hours).
- At time of the patient's admission, the treating physicians are not committed tu full supportive care.
- Patient admitted to the ICU for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar state.
- Patient admitted to the ICU for hypoglycemia.
- Patient thought to be at abnormally high risk of suffering hypoglycemia (e.g. known insulin secreting tumor or history of unexplained or recurrent hypoglycemia or fulminant hepatic failure).
- Patient who have suffered hypoglycemia without documented full neurological recovery
- Patient is expected to be eating before the end of the day following admission.
- Patient previously enrolled in the CGAO-REA study.
공부 계획
연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?
디자인 세부사항
- 주 목적: 치료
- 할당: 무작위
- 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
- 마스킹: 없음(오픈 라벨)
무기와 개입
참가자 그룹 / 팔 |
개입 / 치료 |
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실험적: CGAO-based Glucose Control
Use of a Computerized Protocol fot Tight Glycemic Control named CGAO software in order to maintain Blood Glucose Levels between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol/l.
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Use of a clinical computerized decision-support system named CGAOtm designed to achieve tight glucose control in various ICU settings, and fine-tuned to reduce glucose variability without increasing the incidence of severe hypoglycemia or nurse workload. CGAOtm is based on explicit replicable recommendations following each blood glucose measurement for insulin rates and time to next measurement, and reminders, alerts, graphic tools, trends, and individual on-line data aimed at increasing confidence of the nursing staff in the computer protocol and giving care staff a method for controlling the process during the whole ICU stay, according to a "human-in-the-loop" approach. The algorithm used in the CGAOtm software for the calculation of the recommended insulin rates derived from a PID (Proportional-integral-derivative) controller, a generic control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control.
다른 이름들:
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활성 비교기: Standard-Care Glucose Gontrol
Use of Standard-Care Methods for Glucose Control targeting Blood Glucose Levels inferior to 10 mmol/l.
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Patients in the control group will receive conventional insulin therapy using the "usual care" protocol of each participating centre (already used in the centre before the beginning of the trial and targeting blood glucose levels inferior to 180 mg/dl).
다른 이름들:
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연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?
주요 결과 측정
결과 측정 |
기간 |
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All-cause 90-day Mortality
기간: Day 90
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Day 90
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2차 결과 측정
결과 측정 |
측정값 설명 |
기간 |
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All-cause 28-day Mortality
기간: Day 28
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Day 28
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All-cause Intensive Care Unit Mortality
기간: Date of discharge from the ICU
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Date of discharge from the ICU
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All-cause In-hospital Mortality
기간: Day of discharge from the hospital
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Day of discharge from the hospital
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Intensive Care Unit Free Days
기간: 28 days
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Intensive care unit free days was 28-day-ICU-free-days i.e. was calculated by subtracting the actual ICU duration in days from 28 with patients who died at day 28 or before being assigned 0 free-days and those who had a stay in ICU of 28 days or more being also assigned 0 free-days
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28 days
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Time Spent in Blood Glucose Target
기간: Day of discharge from the ICU
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Day of discharge from the ICU
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Severe Hypoglycemia
기간: Date of discharge from the ICU
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Number of patients with severe biological hypoglycemia (defined as blood glucose of 40 mg per deciliter or less)regardless of clinical signs
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Date of discharge from the ICU
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Hospital Length of Stay
기간: Date of discharge from the hospital
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Date of discharge from the hospital
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Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay
기간: Date of discharge from the ICU
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Date of discharge from the ICU
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Incidence of Nosocomial Bacteriemia
기간: Date of discharge from the ICU
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Date of discharge from the ICU
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공동 작업자 및 조사자
수사관
- 수석 연구원: Pierre Kalfon, MD, Centre Hospitalier de Chartres
- 연구 책임자: Bruno Riou, MD PhD, G.H.U. Est, C.H.U. Pitié-Salpétriêre
- 연구 의자: Djillali Annane, MD PhD, G.H.U. Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré
- 연구 의자: Jean Chastre, MD PhD, G.H.U. Est, Pitié-Salpétriêre
- 연구 의자: Pierre-François Dequin, MD PhD, CHRU Tours
- 연구 의자: Hervé Dupont, MD PhD, CHRU Amiens
- 연구 의자: Carole Ichai, MD PhD, CHRU de Nice
- 연구 의자: Yannick Malledant, MD PhD, CHRU Rennes
- 연구 의자: Philippe Montravers, MD PhD, G.H.U. Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard
간행물 및 유용한 링크
일반 간행물
- Carli P, Martin C. [Impact of Nice-Sugar: is there a need for another study on intensive glucose control in ICU?]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2009 Jun;28(6):519-21. doi: 10.1016/j.annfar.2009.05.002. Epub 2009 Jun 4. No abstract available. French.
- Guerrini A; Roudillon G; Gontier O; Rebaï L; Isorni MA; Mutinelli-Szymanski P; Sorine M; Kalfon P. High glycemic variability induced by inappropriate algorithms for intensive insulinotherapy: the example of the NICE-SUGAR study. Abstract award winners: The best pre-selected abstracts of the 22th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, 11-14 October 2009, Vienna, Austria. Intensive Care Med. 2009 Sep;35 Suppl 1:S111.
- Gontier O; Hamrouni M; Lherm T; Monchamps G; Ouchenir A; Kalfon P. The CGAO software improves glycaemic control in intensive care patients without increasing the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia nor the nurse workload. Abstracts of the 21th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, 21-24 September 2007, Lisbon, Portugal. Intensive Care Med. 2008 Sep;34 Suppl 2:S220.
- Abstracts of the 20th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, 7-10 October 2007, Berlin, Germany. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Sep;33 Suppl 2:S5-271. No abstract available.
- Kalfon P, Le Manach Y, Ichai C, Brechot N, Cinotti R, Dequin PF, Riu-Poulenc B, Montravers P, Annane D, Dupont H, Sorine M, Riou B; CGAO-REA Study Group. Severe and multiple hypoglycemic episodes are associated with increased risk of death in ICU patients. Crit Care. 2015 Apr 8;19(1):153. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0851-7.
- Kalfon P, Giraudeau B, Ichai C, Guerrini A, Brechot N, Cinotti R, Dequin PF, Riu-Poulenc B, Montravers P, Annane D, Dupont H, Sorine M, Riou B; CGAO-REA Study Group. Tight computerized versus conventional glucose control in the ICU: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Feb;40(2):171-181. doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-3189-0. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
연구 기록 날짜
연구 주요 날짜
연구 시작
기본 완료 (실제)
연구 완료 (실제)
연구 등록 날짜
최초 제출
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처음 게시됨 (추정)
연구 기록 업데이트
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추가 정보
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