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Effects of a 12-week T10 Exercise Program on Shooting Performance, Upper Extremity Function, Balance and Reaction Time in Competitive Air Pistol Athletes (Air pistol T10)

2026년 6월 26일 업데이트: Nazli Cigercioglu, Hacettepe University

The Effects of a 12-Week T10 Exercise Program on Shooting Performance, Upper Extremity Function, Balance, and Reaction Time in Air Pistol Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Air pistol shooting requires a high level of postural stability, upper extremity neuromuscular control, and concentration to achieve optimal performance. Prolonged maintenance of the shooting position may lead to shoulder muscle fatigue, reduced joint stability, and impaired shooting accuracy. Although sport-specific exercise programs have been recommended to improve physical performance in shooters, the effectiveness of the T10 exercise program has not yet been investigated in this population. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of a 12-week T10 exercise program, in addition to routine training, on shooting performance in competitive air pistol athletes. Secondary outcomes include upper and lower extremity functional performance, balance, muscular endurance, upper extremity stability, grip strength, medicine ball throw performance, and visual and auditory reaction time. Participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group receiving the T10 exercise program plus routine training or a control group continuing routine training alone. Assessments will be performed at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. The findings of this study may provide evidence for the effectiveness of a sport-specific neuromuscular exercise program in enhancing shooting performance and physical function in competitive air pistol athletes.

연구 개요

상태

아직 모집하지 않음

정황

개입 / 치료

상세 설명

Air pistol shooting is a precision sport that requires a high level of postural stability, upper extremity neuromuscular control, and sustained concentration to achieve accurate shooting performance. During competition, athletes maintain the shoulder in an elevated position for prolonged periods, which may result in muscle fatigue, impaired scapular stability, altered shoulder mechanics, and reduced shooting accuracy. In addition, deficiencies in balance, upper extremity stability, muscular endurance, and reaction time may negatively influence shooting performance.

Previous studies have suggested that physical conditioning and sport-specific exercise programs may improve athletic performance in shooting sports. The T10 exercise program is a comprehensive upper extremity training protocol consisting of ten exercises designed to improve neuromuscular control, dynamic stabilization, co-contraction, muscle strength, endurance, coordination, and movement quality. Despite its potential benefits, the effectiveness of the T10 exercise program has not been investigated in competitive air pistol athletes.

The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial is to determine the effects of a 12-week T10 exercise program on shooting performance in competitive air pistol athletes. Secondary objectives are to evaluate the effects of the intervention on upper extremity functional performance, upper extremity stability, dynamic balance, static balance, muscular endurance, grip strength, medicine ball throw performance, agility, lower extremity explosive performance, and visual and auditory reaction time.

A minimum of 24 competitive air pistol athletes aged 18 to 40 years will be recruited and randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group using simple randomization. Participants in the intervention group will perform the T10 exercise program three times per week for 12 weeks in addition to their routine shooting training, whereas participants in the control group will continue their routine training without additional exercises.

Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. The primary outcome will be shooting performance. Secondary outcomes will include Upper Quarter Y Balance Test, Y Balance Test, Flamingo Balance Test, grip strength, medicine ball throw test, Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, push-up and sit-up performance, T-test, standing long jump, and visual and auditory reaction time. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of a sport-specific neuromuscular exercise program for improving shooting performance and physical function in competitive air pistol athletes and may contribute to the development of evidence-based training strategies for precision shooting sports.

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (추정된)

24

단계

  • 해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 연락처

연구 장소

  • 터키 (Türkiye)
    • Kulu
      • Konya, Kulu, 터키 (Türkiye), 42950
        • Kulu Faculty of Health Science
        • 연락하다:

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

  • 성인

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

예

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 18 and 40 years.
  • Competitive air pistol athletes with at least 2 years of regular shooting experience.
  • Participating in shooting training for at least 6 hours per week.
  • Being in the preseason training period.
  • Willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current upper extremity musculoskeletal injury or pain.
  • History of upper extremity orthopedic surgery.
  • Neurological or cognitive disorders affecting participation.
  • Visual or hearing impairments that may interfere with testing or shooting performance.
  • Inflammatory joint disease involving the lower extremities.
  • History of lower extremity orthopedic surgery or musculoskeletal deformity affecting performance.
  • Rheumatologic, metabolic, or cardiovascular disease.
  • Body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m².
  • Current use of psychiatric medication.
  • Failure to attend two consecutive intervention sessions during the study period.

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

  • 주 목적: 치료
  • 할당: 무작위
  • 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
  • 마스킹: 없음(오픈 라벨)

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔
개입 / 치료
실험적: Intervention Group
Participants will receive the T10 exercise program three times per week for 12 weeks in addition to their routine shooting training.
행동: Exercise
Participants in the control group will continue their regular shooting training throughout the 12-week study period without receiving the T10 exercise program or any additional physiotherapist-supervised exercise intervention. Routine training will be conducted according to the athletes' usual training schedule under the supervision of their shooting coaches and will include technical shooting practice, aiming exercises, competition-specific drills, and standard warm-up activities. Participants will be instructed to maintain their usual training habits and refrain from initiating any additional upper extremity strengthening or neuromuscular exercise programs during the study period.
실험적: Control Group
Participants will continue their routine shooting training without any additional exercise intervention.
다른: Exercise
Participants in the control group will continue their regular shooting training throughout the 12-week study period without receiving the T10 exercise program or any additional physiotherapist-supervised exercise intervention. Routine training will be conducted according to the athletes' usual training schedule under the supervision of their shooting coaches and will include technical shooting practice, aiming exercises, competition-specific drills, and standard warm-up activities. Participants will be instructed to maintain their usual training habits and refrain from initiating any additional upper extremity strengthening or neuromuscular exercise programs during the study period.
다른 이름들:
  • routine shooting training

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Shooting Performance Score
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Shooting performance will be assessed according to the official International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) rules using the athletes' total shooting score obtained during a standardized air pistol shooting test. Higher scores indicate better shooting performance.
Baseline and 12 weeks

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
1. Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Upper extremity dynamic balance and stability will be assessed using the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. Reach distances in the medial, superolateral, and inferolateral directions will be recorded and normalized to upper limb length.
Baseline and 12 weeks
2. Y Balance Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Dynamic balance of the lower extremity will be evaluated using the Y Balance Test. Reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions will be recorded and normalized to leg length.
Baseline and 12 weeks
3. Flamingo Balance Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Static balance performance will be assessed by recording the duration participants maintain balance on a narrow beam.
Baseline and 12 weeks
4. Grip Strength
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Maximal isometric handgrip strength will be measured using a Jamar hand dynamometer. The mean of three trials will be recorded in kilograms (kg).
Baseline and 12 weeks
5. Medicine Ball Throw Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Upper extremity explosive performance will be evaluated using a 3-kg medicine ball throw. Throwing distance will be recorded in centimeters (cm).
Baseline and 12 weeks
6. Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST)
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Upper extremity stability and functional performance will be assessed using the number of touches completed within 15 seconds.
Baseline and 12 weeks
7. Push-up Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Upper extremity muscular endurance will be assessed by recording the maximum number of push-ups completed within one minute.
Baseline and 12 weeks
8. Sit-up Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Core muscular endurance will be assessed by recording the maximum number of sit-ups completed within one minute.
Baseline and 12 weeks
9. T-Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Agility performance will be assessed using the T-Test, with completion time recorded in seconds. Lower values indicate better agility performance.
Baseline and 12 weeks
10. Standing Long Jump Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Lower extremity explosive power will be evaluated by measuring jump distance in centimeters (cm).
Baseline and 12 weeks
11. Visual Reaction Time
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Visual reaction time will be measured using the Newtest 1000 reaction timer. The average response time will be recorded in milliseconds (ms).
Baseline and 12 weeks
12. Auditory Reaction TimeAuditory
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
reaction time will be measured using the Newtest 1000 reaction timer. The average response time will be recorded in milliseconds (ms).
Baseline and 12 weeks
13. Ruler Drop Test
기간: Baseline and 12 weeks
Reaction time will also be assessed using the ruler drop test. The catching distance will be recorded in centimeters (cm).
Baseline and 12 weeks

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

스폰서

Hacettepe University

간행물 및 유용한 링크

연구에 대한 정보 입력을 담당하는 사람이 자발적으로 이러한 간행물을 제공합니다. 이것은 연구와 관련된 모든 것에 관한 것일 수 있습니다.

일반 간행물

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작 (추정된)

2026년 7월 10일

기본 완료 (추정된)

2026년 11월 15일

연구 완료 (추정된)

2027년 12월 15일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2026년 6월 26일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2026년 6월 26일

처음 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 7월 2일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 7월 2일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2026년 6월 26일

마지막으로 확인됨

2026년 6월 1일

추가 정보

이 연구와 관련된 용어

키워드

추가 관련 MeSH 약관

기타 연구 ID 번호

  • Air pistol T10

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD) 계획

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD)를 공유할 계획입니까?

아니요

IPD 계획 설명

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be made publicly available because the study includes a small sample size of competitive athletes, which may increase the risk of participant identification despite de-identification. Only aggregate, anonymized study results will be reported in publications and presentations.

약물 및 장치 정보, 연구 문서

미국 FDA 규제 의약품 연구

아니

미국 FDA 규제 기기 제품 연구

아니

이 정보는 변경 없이 clinicaltrials.gov 웹사이트에서 직접 가져온 것입니다. 귀하의 연구 세부 정보를 변경, 제거 또는 업데이트하도록 요청하는 경우 register@clinicaltrials.gov. 문의하십시오. 변경 사항이 clinicaltrials.gov에 구현되는 즉시 저희 웹사이트에도 자동으로 업데이트됩니다. .

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