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Effects of a 12-week T10 Exercise Program on Shooting Performance, Upper Extremity Function, Balance and Reaction Time in Competitive Air Pistol Athletes (Air pistol T10)

26 июня 2026 г. обновлено: Nazli Cigercioglu, Hacettepe University

The Effects of a 12-Week T10 Exercise Program on Shooting Performance, Upper Extremity Function, Balance, and Reaction Time in Air Pistol Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Air pistol shooting requires a high level of postural stability, upper extremity neuromuscular control, and concentration to achieve optimal performance. Prolonged maintenance of the shooting position may lead to shoulder muscle fatigue, reduced joint stability, and impaired shooting accuracy. Although sport-specific exercise programs have been recommended to improve physical performance in shooters, the effectiveness of the T10 exercise program has not yet been investigated in this population. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of a 12-week T10 exercise program, in addition to routine training, on shooting performance in competitive air pistol athletes. Secondary outcomes include upper and lower extremity functional performance, balance, muscular endurance, upper extremity stability, grip strength, medicine ball throw performance, and visual and auditory reaction time. Participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group receiving the T10 exercise program plus routine training or a control group continuing routine training alone. Assessments will be performed at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. The findings of this study may provide evidence for the effectiveness of a sport-specific neuromuscular exercise program in enhancing shooting performance and physical function in competitive air pistol athletes.

Обзор исследования

Статус

Еще не набирают

Условия

Вмешательство/лечение

Подробное описание

Air pistol shooting is a precision sport that requires a high level of postural stability, upper extremity neuromuscular control, and sustained concentration to achieve accurate shooting performance. During competition, athletes maintain the shoulder in an elevated position for prolonged periods, which may result in muscle fatigue, impaired scapular stability, altered shoulder mechanics, and reduced shooting accuracy. In addition, deficiencies in balance, upper extremity stability, muscular endurance, and reaction time may negatively influence shooting performance.

Previous studies have suggested that physical conditioning and sport-specific exercise programs may improve athletic performance in shooting sports. The T10 exercise program is a comprehensive upper extremity training protocol consisting of ten exercises designed to improve neuromuscular control, dynamic stabilization, co-contraction, muscle strength, endurance, coordination, and movement quality. Despite its potential benefits, the effectiveness of the T10 exercise program has not been investigated in competitive air pistol athletes.

The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial is to determine the effects of a 12-week T10 exercise program on shooting performance in competitive air pistol athletes. Secondary objectives are to evaluate the effects of the intervention on upper extremity functional performance, upper extremity stability, dynamic balance, static balance, muscular endurance, grip strength, medicine ball throw performance, agility, lower extremity explosive performance, and visual and auditory reaction time.

A minimum of 24 competitive air pistol athletes aged 18 to 40 years will be recruited and randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group using simple randomization. Participants in the intervention group will perform the T10 exercise program three times per week for 12 weeks in addition to their routine shooting training, whereas participants in the control group will continue their routine training without additional exercises.

Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. The primary outcome will be shooting performance. Secondary outcomes will include Upper Quarter Y Balance Test, Y Balance Test, Flamingo Balance Test, grip strength, medicine ball throw test, Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, push-up and sit-up performance, T-test, standing long jump, and visual and auditory reaction time. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of a sport-specific neuromuscular exercise program for improving shooting performance and physical function in competitive air pistol athletes and may contribute to the development of evidence-based training strategies for precision shooting sports.

Тип исследования

Интервенционный

Регистрация (Оцененный)

24

Фаза

  • Непригодный

Контакты и местонахождение

В этом разделе приведены контактные данные лиц, проводящих исследование, и информация о том, где проводится это исследование.

Контакты исследования

  • Имя: Nazli Cigercioglu, Assoc. Prof.
  • Номер телефона: +90 5412903293
  • Электронная почта: nazlicigercioglu@gmail.com

Места учебы

  • Турция (Туркие)
    • Kulu
      • Konya, Kulu, Турция (Туркие), 42950
        • Kulu Faculty of Health Science
        • Контакт:
          • Zilan Bazancir-Apaydin, Assoc. Prof.
          • Номер телефона: +90 5078354961
          • Электронная почта: bazancirzilan@gmail.com

Критерии участия

Исследователи ищут людей, которые соответствуют определенному описанию, называемому критериям приемлемости. Некоторыми примерами этих критериев являются общее состояние здоровья человека или предшествующее лечение.

Критерии приемлемости

Возраст, подходящий для обучения

  • Взрослый

Принимает здоровых добровольцев

Да

Описание

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 18 and 40 years.
  • Competitive air pistol athletes with at least 2 years of regular shooting experience.
  • Participating in shooting training for at least 6 hours per week.
  • Being in the preseason training period.
  • Willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current upper extremity musculoskeletal injury or pain.
  • History of upper extremity orthopedic surgery.
  • Neurological or cognitive disorders affecting participation.
  • Visual or hearing impairments that may interfere with testing or shooting performance.
  • Inflammatory joint disease involving the lower extremities.
  • History of lower extremity orthopedic surgery or musculoskeletal deformity affecting performance.
  • Rheumatologic, metabolic, or cardiovascular disease.
  • Body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m².
  • Current use of psychiatric medication.
  • Failure to attend two consecutive intervention sessions during the study period.

Учебный план

В этом разделе представлена ​​подробная информация о плане исследования, в том числе о том, как планируется исследование и что оно измеряет.

Как устроено исследование?

Детали дизайна

  • Основная цель: Уход
  • Распределение: Рандомизированный
  • Интервенционная модель: Параллельное назначение
  • Маскировка: Нет (открытая этикетка)

Оружие и интервенции

Группа участников / Армия
Вмешательство/лечение
Экспериментальный: Intervention Group
Participants will receive the T10 exercise program three times per week for 12 weeks in addition to their routine shooting training.
Поведенческий: Exercise
Participants in the control group will continue their regular shooting training throughout the 12-week study period without receiving the T10 exercise program or any additional physiotherapist-supervised exercise intervention. Routine training will be conducted according to the athletes' usual training schedule under the supervision of their shooting coaches and will include technical shooting practice, aiming exercises, competition-specific drills, and standard warm-up activities. Participants will be instructed to maintain their usual training habits and refrain from initiating any additional upper extremity strengthening or neuromuscular exercise programs during the study period.
Экспериментальный: Control Group
Participants will continue their routine shooting training without any additional exercise intervention.
Другой: Exercise
Participants in the control group will continue their regular shooting training throughout the 12-week study period without receiving the T10 exercise program or any additional physiotherapist-supervised exercise intervention. Routine training will be conducted according to the athletes' usual training schedule under the supervision of their shooting coaches and will include technical shooting practice, aiming exercises, competition-specific drills, and standard warm-up activities. Participants will be instructed to maintain their usual training habits and refrain from initiating any additional upper extremity strengthening or neuromuscular exercise programs during the study period.
Другие имена:
  • routine shooting training

Что измеряет исследование?

Первичные показатели результатов

Мера результата
Мера Описание
Временное ограничение
Shooting Performance Score
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Shooting performance will be assessed according to the official International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) rules using the athletes' total shooting score obtained during a standardized air pistol shooting test. Higher scores indicate better shooting performance.
Baseline and 12 weeks

Вторичные показатели результатов

Мера результата
Мера Описание
Временное ограничение
1. Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Upper extremity dynamic balance and stability will be assessed using the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. Reach distances in the medial, superolateral, and inferolateral directions will be recorded and normalized to upper limb length.
Baseline and 12 weeks
2. Y Balance Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Dynamic balance of the lower extremity will be evaluated using the Y Balance Test. Reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions will be recorded and normalized to leg length.
Baseline and 12 weeks
3. Flamingo Balance Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Static balance performance will be assessed by recording the duration participants maintain balance on a narrow beam.
Baseline and 12 weeks
4. Grip Strength
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Maximal isometric handgrip strength will be measured using a Jamar hand dynamometer. The mean of three trials will be recorded in kilograms (kg).
Baseline and 12 weeks
5. Medicine Ball Throw Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Upper extremity explosive performance will be evaluated using a 3-kg medicine ball throw. Throwing distance will be recorded in centimeters (cm).
Baseline and 12 weeks
6. Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST)
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Upper extremity stability and functional performance will be assessed using the number of touches completed within 15 seconds.
Baseline and 12 weeks
7. Push-up Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Upper extremity muscular endurance will be assessed by recording the maximum number of push-ups completed within one minute.
Baseline and 12 weeks
8. Sit-up Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Core muscular endurance will be assessed by recording the maximum number of sit-ups completed within one minute.
Baseline and 12 weeks
9. T-Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Agility performance will be assessed using the T-Test, with completion time recorded in seconds. Lower values indicate better agility performance.
Baseline and 12 weeks
10. Standing Long Jump Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Lower extremity explosive power will be evaluated by measuring jump distance in centimeters (cm).
Baseline and 12 weeks
11. Visual Reaction Time
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Visual reaction time will be measured using the Newtest 1000 reaction timer. The average response time will be recorded in milliseconds (ms).
Baseline and 12 weeks
12. Auditory Reaction TimeAuditory
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
reaction time will be measured using the Newtest 1000 reaction timer. The average response time will be recorded in milliseconds (ms).
Baseline and 12 weeks
13. Ruler Drop Test
Временное ограничение: Baseline and 12 weeks
Reaction time will also be assessed using the ruler drop test. The catching distance will be recorded in centimeters (cm).
Baseline and 12 weeks

Соавторы и исследователи

Здесь вы найдете людей и организации, участвующие в этом исследовании.

Спонсор

Hacettepe University

Публикации и полезные ссылки

Лицо, ответственное за внесение сведений об исследовании, добровольно предоставляет эти публикации. Это может быть что угодно, связанное с исследованием.

Общие публикации

Даты записи исследования

Эти даты отслеживают ход отправки отчетов об исследованиях и сводных результатов на сайт ClinicalTrials.gov. Записи исследований и сообщаемые результаты проверяются Национальной медицинской библиотекой (NLM), чтобы убедиться, что они соответствуют определенным стандартам контроля качества, прежде чем публиковать их на общедоступном веб-сайте.

Изучение основных дат

Начало исследования (Оцененный)

10 июля 2026 г.

Первичное завершение (Оцененный)

15 ноября 2026 г.

Завершение исследования (Оцененный)

15 декабря 2027 г.

Даты регистрации исследования

Первый отправленный

26 июня 2026 г.

Впервые представлено, что соответствует критериям контроля качества

26 июня 2026 г.

Первый опубликованный (Действительный)

2 июля 2026 г.

Обновления учебных записей

Последнее опубликованное обновление (Действительный)

2 июля 2026 г.

Последнее отправленное обновление, отвечающее критериям контроля качества

26 июня 2026 г.

Последняя проверка

1 июня 2026 г.

Дополнительная информация

Термины, связанные с этим исследованием

Ключевые слова

Дополнительные соответствующие термины MeSH

Другие идентификационные номера исследования

  • Air pistol T10

Планирование данных отдельных участников (IPD)

Планируете делиться данными об отдельных участниках (IPD)?

НЕТ

Описание плана IPD

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be made publicly available because the study includes a small sample size of competitive athletes, which may increase the risk of participant identification despite de-identification. Only aggregate, anonymized study results will be reported in publications and presentations.

Информация о лекарствах и устройствах, исследовательские документы

Изучает лекарственный продукт, регулируемый FDA США.

Нет

Изучает продукт устройства, регулируемый Управлением по санитарному надзору за качеством пищевых продуктов и медикаментов США.

Нет

Эта информация была получена непосредственно с веб-сайта clinicaltrials.gov без каких-либо изменений. Если у вас есть запросы на изменение, удаление или обновление сведений об исследовании, обращайтесь по адресу register@clinicaltrials.gov. Как только изменение будет реализовано на clinicaltrials.gov, оно будет автоматически обновлено и на нашем веб-сайте. .

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