Ultrasound Guided Leadless Pacemaker Implantation
A Study on the Feasibility of a Novel Guidance Method for Leadless Pacemaker Implantation
The leadless pacemaker is a novel pacing technology that has emerged in recent years. Compared with conventional lead pacemakers, its design avoids many complications associated with leads and pacemaker pockets, including lead fracture, pocket infection, and venous access stenosis. Because of its small size and the absence of a pacemaker pocket or pacing lead, the leadless pacemaker is particularly suitable for patients with contraindications to conventional pacemaker implantation, including patients undergoing hemodialysis, patients with recurrent pocket infection, and patients without suitable vascular access.
Currently, leadless pacemaker implantation is performed primarily under fluoroscopic guidance. Fluoroscopy provides real-time intraoperative anatomical localization information but places high demands on the operator's technical skills and the precise intraoperative positioning of the pacemaker. However, procedures performed under fluoroscopic guidance require dedicated procedure rooms and radiation-generating equipment. Such large-scale equipment is expensive, and it requires special protective measures that make the surrounding walls, doors and windows meet the protection standards, so as not to cause harm to the surrounding environment and personnel. When procedures are performed under fluoroscopic guidance in dedicated catheterization laboratories, both operators and patients are exposed to potential health risks, and fluoroscopy-guided procedures are contraindicated in some pregnant women. In addition, X-ray imaging remains two-dimensional, and visualization may be inadequate in some patients because of individual anatomical variation, potentially increasing procedural difficulty. Therefore, exploring a radiation-free, real-time, and accurate guidance method has become a key approach to improving the success rate and safety of leadless pacemaker implantation.
연구 개요
상태
상세 설명
Currently, research on leadless pacemakers has primarily focused on device optimization and long-term postoperative follow-up assessment, whereas relatively few studies have investigated imaging innovations related to procedural techniques and methods. This study is designed to preliminarily explore the feasibility and safety of TTE-guided leadless pacemaker implantation and systematically evaluate the value of TTE in leadless pacemaker implantation, thereby providing a novel and effective procedural approach to leadless pacemaker implantation. This study may also facilitate the further development of leadless pacemaker implantation technology and provide patients with safer and more convenient treatment options
This study consists of two stages. Stage 1: to establish a standardized operating procedure for TTE-guided Micra leadless pacemaker implantation through combined echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance and mutual verification. Stage 2: to conduct a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study comparing the acute procedural success rate and complication rate between TTE-guided and conventional fluoroscopy-guided leadless pacemaker implantation to evaluate acute safety and effectiveness and provide high-quality evidence to support the subsequent clinical adoption of this technique.
Stage 1: Exploration of the Standard Operating Procedure Patients who meet the eligibility criteria will undergo the procedure according to the standard operating procedure under fluoroscopic guidance or using TTE guidance with fluoroscopic verification to explore the key techniques of TTE guidance, with intraoperative data collected.
Stage 2: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study Phase On the basis of sufficient procedural experience accumulated and the establishment of a standard operating procedure during Stage 1, a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study will be conducted to compare TTE guidance with conventional fluoroscopic guidance for leadless pacemaker implantation in terms of procedural success rate, procedure duration, pacing parameters, and complication rate, and to evaluate differences in procedural success rate and complication rate between the two guidance methods. Operators participating in Stage 2 shall have experience with at least 5 cases of TTE-guided Micra leadless pacemaker implantation.
연구 유형
등록 (추정된)
단계
- 해당 없음
참여기준
자격 기준
공부할 수 있는 나이
건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다
연구 대상 성별
설명
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ≥ 18 years, regardless of sex;
- Patients with indications for permanent pacemaker implantation who are expected to have a low ventricular pacing burden, or patients who are expected to have a high ventricular pacing burden (≥40%) but have normal cardiac function, including complete or intermittent high-grade atrioventricular block, intermittent sinus arrest, and persistent sinus bradycardia (meeting the indications for implantation specified in the Chinese expert consensus on leadless pacemaker (2022)), particularly those with the following conditions: renal insufficiency, contraindications to X-ray radiation exposure, or potential adverse consequences from X-ray radiation exposure, as these patients are most likely to directly benefit from the ultrasound-guided procedure;
- Patients who have signed informed consent form.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Those with significant chest wall deformity (e.g., severe pectus carinatum or barrel chest) or severe obesity affecting transthoracic echocardiography image quality;
- Those with severe anatomical abnormalities of the right heart (e.g., an excessively small right ventricle, severe tricuspid regurgitation, Ebstein anomaly, or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy);
- Those with presence of any lead from an existing pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device;
- Those with presence of a mechanical tricuspid valve prosthesis, inferior vena cava filter, or left ventricular assist device (LVAD);
- Those with known intolerance to nickel-titanium alloy (nitinol);
- Those with concurrent active infection (e.g., bacteremia or infective endocarditis) or uncontrolled systemic infection;
- Those with life expectancy < 1 year;
- Those who have recently undergone another interventional cardiac procedure that may interfere with the study results;
- Those who are unable to complete study follow-up, such as cognitive impairment or extremely poor adherence.
공부 계획
연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?
디자인 세부사항
- 주 목적: 치료
- 할당: 무작위
- 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
- 마스킹: 없음(오픈 라벨)
무기와 개입
참가자 그룹 / 팔 |
개입 / 치료 |
|---|---|
|
실험적: Transthoracic echocardiography-guided group
Use transthoracic echocardiography to guide the implantation of a leadless pacemaker |
Use real-time TTE to guide the pacemaker delivery catheter through the right atrium to the right ventricle. Observe the catheter trajectory and identify the target region. After confirming electrode contact, complete pacemaker fixation and record the imaging findings in real time. Commercially available leadless pacemaker system implanted in all study participants. |
|
활성 비교기: Conventional fluoroscopy-guided group
Use conventional fluoroscopy to guide the implantation of leadless pacemaker |
Commercially available leadless pacemaker system implanted in all study participants. Leadless pacemaker implantation is performed under fluoroscopic guidance in accordance with current standard clinical practice. |
연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?
주요 결과 측정
결과 측정 |
측정값 설명 |
기간 |
|---|---|---|
|
Percentage of participants with successful Micra leadless pacemaker implantation
기간: During Procedure
|
Successful implantation is defined as successful deployment of the Micra leadless pacemaker during the procedure with a pacing threshold < 2.5 V @ 0.24 ms within 15 minutes before cutting the tether. |
During Procedure
|
2차 결과 측정
결과 측정 |
측정값 설명 |
기간 |
|---|---|---|
|
The device-related serious adverse events occurring during the perioperative period
기간: intraoperatively or before discharge
|
Defined as: death; prolongation of length of hospital stay by ≥48 hours; pacemaker malfunction (ventricular pacing threshold > 5 V/0.24 ms or sensed R-wave amplitude < 2 mV); pacemaker dislodgement; cardiac tamponade; rehospitalization for cardiac causes; vascular complication requiring surgical intervention; or system revision. A clinical events committee comprising independent physicians will review and adjudicate all system- and procedure-related events to determine their relatedness and whether any related event meets any criteria for a major complication. System revision includes any invasive modification of the device (e.g., replacement, repositioning, or removal) or programming of the device to an off state (OOO mode). |
intraoperatively or before discharge
|
공동 작업자 및 조사자
연구 기록 날짜
연구 주요 날짜
연구 시작 (추정된)
기본 완료 (추정된)
연구 완료 (추정된)
연구 등록 날짜
최초 제출
QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출
처음 게시됨 (실제)
연구 기록 업데이트
마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)
QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출
마지막으로 확인됨
추가 정보
이 연구와 관련된 용어
기타 연구 ID 번호
- 2026-0026-01
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