Conceptualization and Scale Development of Excessive Emotional Behaviors
Development and Validation of the Excessive Emotional Behaviors Scale: Long and Short Forms Among Chinese Adults With Emotional Distress
Emotional disorders, including anxiety and depression, represent a major global health burden and are increasingly conceptualized within a transdiagnostic framework. Within this framework, emotional behaviors-defined as actions driven by attempts to regulate or control emotional experiences-are considered a central mechanism underlying the development and maintenance of emotional distress. Despite their theoretical importance in models such as the Unified Protocol (UP) and the Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress (MIED), there is currently no dedicated, psychometrically validated instrument specifically designed to assess excessive emotional behaviors.
The present study aims to develop and validate a self-report scale of excessive emotional behaviors grounded in the theoretical frameworks of UP and MIED. Excessive emotional behaviors are conceptualized as behaviors whose frequency, intensity, or reliance exceeds adaptive levels in response to emotional experiences and contributes to functional impairment.
A mixed-method design will be employed. Study 1 will involve semi-structured cognitive interviews with approximately 18 participants experiencing anxiety or depressive distress to evaluate item clarity, experiential relevance, and content coverage, and to refine the initial item pool. Study 2 will consist of a quantitative survey with a larger sample to examine the scale's psychometric properties, including factor structure, reliability, and validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) will be conducted to establish the underlying structure of the scale. Convergent and discriminant validity will be assessed through correlations with measures of experiential avoidance (AAQ-II, BEAQ), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9).
The expected outcome is a brief, reliable, and valid instrument that captures multiple dimensions of excessive emotional behaviors, such as behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance, safety behaviors, and emotion-driven actions. This scale will provide a theoretically grounded and clinically useful tool for transdiagnostic research, mechanism testing, and intervention evaluation in emotional disorders.
研究概览
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
联系人和位置
学习地点
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Beijing Municipality
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Beijing、Beijing Municipality、中国、100871
- Peking University
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 成人
- 年长者
接受健康志愿者
取样方法
研究人群
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
Aged 18 years or older Current or recent experience of significant anxiety or depressive distress Adequate ability to understand and communicate in Chinese Able and willing to provide written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
Acute psychotic episode or other severe psychiatric disorder that would interfere with study participation Cognitive impairment that would prevent effective participation in the study
学习计划
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
队列和干预
团体/队列 |
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General Adult Sample
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研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Initial Excessive emotional Behaviors Scale
大体时间：Baseline and 1 month
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The Initial Excessive Emotional Behavior Scale (EEBS) consists of 40 items. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale, and the total score ranges from 40 to 200, with higher scores indicating more severe excessive emotional behavior and lower scores indicating fewer excessive emotional behaviors. Subscale scores are calculated as follows: Behavioral Avoidance: sum of Items 1-14 Cognitive Avoidance: sum of Items 15-21 Safety Signals: sum of Items 22-32 Emotion-Driven Behavior: sum of Items 33-40 The total EEBS score is obtained by summing all 40 items. Item 11 is reverse scored before computing the subscale and total scores. In addition to the total score, subscale scores may be analyzed separately to identify the individual's primary areas of difficulty. |
Baseline and 1 month
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The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II)
大体时间：Baseline and 1 month
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The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) will be used to assess experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility.
The scale contains 7 items, each rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 7 to 49.
Higher scores indicate greater experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility, whereas lower scores indicate lower levels of experiential avoidance and greater psychological flexibility.
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Baseline and 1 month
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The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ)
大体时间：Baseline and 1 month
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The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) will be used to assess experiential avoidance across multiple domains.
The scale contains 15 items derived from the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ).
With each item rated on a 6-point Likert scale, the total score ranges from 15 to 90.
Higher scores indicate greater experiential avoidance, whereas lower scores indicate lower levels of experiential avoidance.
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Baseline and 1 month
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7)
大体时间：Baseline and 1 month
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The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) will be used to assess anxiety symptoms.
The scale contains 7 items, each rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 0 to 21.
Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms, whereas lower scores indicate less severe anxiety symptoms.
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Baseline and 1 month
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Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
大体时间：Baseline and 1 month
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The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) will be used to assess depressive symptoms.
The scale contains 9 items, each rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 0 to 27.
Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms, whereas lower scores indicate less severe depressive symptoms.
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Baseline and 1 month
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