Evaluation of Gait and Balance Parameters in Patients With Chronic Vestibulopathy

Chronic vestibulopathy may affect postural control, gait performance, balance confidence, and daily functioning. Although balance problems are commonly reported in individuals with vestibular dysfunction, the combined evaluation of objective gait and balance parameters together with subjective balance-related outcomes may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the functional consequences of chronic vestibular impairment.

This study is designed as an observational, analytical, cross-sectional, comparative study. The study population will consist of two groups: individuals with chronic vestibulopathy and healthy control participants. The patient group will include adults aged 18 to 65 years who have had dizziness and/or imbalance complaints for at least one year and who have been diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral chronic vestibular dysfunction based on clinical evaluation. The healthy control group will include age- and sex-matched adults without a history of vestibular disease, dizziness, or imbalance.

All participants will undergo face-to-face assessment at Istanbul Aydın University Medicalpark Florya Hospital. Demographic and clinical data including age, sex, height, body weight, body mass index, symptom duration, main complaint, vestibular dysfunction type, comorbidities, and fall history will be recorded. Subjective outcomes will include the Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale to assess fear of falling and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale to assess balance confidence during daily activities.

Vestibular and balance assessments will include the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance and videonystagmography-based oculomotor evaluation. Postural control will be assessed using center of pressure measurements during static standing conditions with eyes open and eyes closed. Gait analysis will be performed using the Euleria Lab system during self-selected walking. Spatial and kinematic gait parameters, including step length, step width, and lower extremity internal and external rotation angles, will be recorded.

The primary purpose of the study is to compare gait and balance parameters between individuals with chronic vestibulopathy and healthy controls. Secondary aims include examining subjective balance confidence, fear of falling, vestibular findings, and postural control measures in relation to gait and balance performance.