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Rowing and Cycling Reduce Inflammation in Early-Stage Type 2 Diabetes

2026年8月12日 更新者：The 95th Hospital of Putian，Putian, Fujian, China

Effects of Different Modes of Rowing Combined With Cycling Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients

This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the short-term (7-day) effects of different rowing-cycling exercise regimens on postprandial glycemic excursions in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (aged 18-60 years, diagnosis ≤12 months, drug-naïve). A total of 120 participants will be randomized into five groups: control, moderate-intensity continuous cycling, high-intensity interval rowing, and standard combined exercise (rowing + cycling, 50 min). The primary outcome is inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-10, hs-CRP), body Composition and functional Indicators. Secondary outcomes include change in continuous glucose monitoring-derived glycemic variability (CONGA), and time-in-range. Mixed-effects models will quantify dose-response relationships and identify key effect modifiers (e.g., age). This study aims to establish an evidence-based precision exercise prescription for early-stage type 2 diabetes management.

研究概览

地位

尚未招聘

条件

干预/治疗

详细说明

Study Process

  1. Screening & enrolment - We recruit 128 adults (18-60 years) who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within the last 12 months and have never taken diabetes medication.
  2. Baseline assessments - Before starting, all participants undergo blood tests (glucose, insulin, inflammatory markers), a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) is placed on their arm, and they wear an activity tracker for 7 days.

  3. Randomization - Participants are randomly assigned to one of four groups (32 people each):

    Control - usual care, no exercise

    Cycling - 40 min of moderate-intensity cycling per day

    Rowing (HIIT) - 24 min of high-intensity interval rowing per day

    Combined - 20 min rowing + 20 min cycling (50 min total)

  4. Intervention - All exercise groups train once a day for 7 consecutive days at the research centre under supervision. Heart rate is monitored throughout.
  5. Continuous monitoring - The CGM records glucose levels every 15 minutes during the whole 7-day period. Activity trackers record physical activity outside the exercise sessions.
  6. Post-intervention assessments - On day 8, we repeat all blood tests, measure inflammatory markers again, and collect the CGM data.

9. Data analysis - We compare changes in blood sugar fluctuations and inflammation between the groups, and use statistical models to find which exercise regimen works best and for whom (e.g., younger vs. older patients).

The entire study takes about 9 days per participant (1 week of exercise + 2 days of testing).

研究类型

介入性

注册 (估计的)

120

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习联系方式

研究联系人备份

  • 姓名：Yanxin Huang, Dr
  • 电话号码：+8615960503382
  • 邮箱：727937141@qq.com

学习地点

  • 中国
    • Fujian
      • Putian、Fujian、中国、351100
        • The Ethics Committee of Putian 95 Hospital
        • 接触：

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 成人

接受健康志愿者

不

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age between 18-60 years, no gender limited;
  2. Meeting the WHO 1999 diagnostic criteria for T2DM, with a diagnosis time ≤12 months;
  3. Not having received hypoglycemic drug treatment (or only lifestyle intervention, and stopped medication ≥4 weeks before enrollment);
  4. Fasting blood glucose 7.0-13.9 mmol/L, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 6.5%-10.0%;
  5. No regular exercise in the past 3 months (less than 2 times per week of moderate or higher intensity exercise, each <30 minutes);
  6. Voluntarily signing the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, or other special types of diabetes;
  2. Severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (NYHA heart function ≥III, recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina);
  3. Uncontrolled hypertension (resting systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg);
  4. Severe liver or kidney dysfunction (ALT/AST ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, or eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m²);
  5. Severe diabetic complications (such as proliferative retinopathy, severe neuropathy, diabetic foot);
  6. Pregnant or breastfeeding women;
  7. Mental illness or cognitive impairment that prevents compliance with the study;
  8. Stress events such as infection, trauma, or surgery in the past month;
  9. Participation in other interventional clinical studies;
  10. Musculoskeletal diseases of the upper or lower limbs that affect rowing machine or bicycle exercise.

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：治疗
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：并行分配
  • 屏蔽：单身的

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
有源比较器：Continuous Exercise - Cycling Group
Warm-up: 5 minutes of low-intensity cycling (50-60 W, approximately 40%-50% HRmax of continuous power cycling at) Main Training: 40 minutes 65%-75% HRmax (approximately 60%-70% VO₂peak), maintaining a cadence of 60-80 rpm Cool-down: 5 minutes of low-intensity cycling followed by stretching Total Duration: 50 minutes
行为的：Continuous Exercise - Cycling Group
Warm-up: 5 minutes of low-intensity cycling (50-60 W, approximately 40%-50% HRmax of continuous power cycling at) Main Training: 40 minutes 65%-75% HRmax (approximately 60%-70% VO₂peak), maintaining a cadence of 60-80 rpm Cool-down: 5 minutes of low-intensity cycling followed by stretching Total Duration: 50 minutes
有源比较器：Rowing Ergometer High-Intensity Interval Training (RE-HIIT)

Warm-up:

5 minutes of low-intensity rowing at approximately 50% of maximum heart rate (HRmax).

Main Training:

24 minutes of interval training consisting of 4 sets of high-intensity rowing for 4 minutes each (85%-90% HRmax), with 2 minutes of low-intensity active recovery (50%-60% HRmax) between each set. Maintain a stroke rate of 24-30 strokes per minute (SPM) for high-intensity intervals and 18-22 SPM for recovery intervals.

Cool-down:

5 minutes of low-intensity rowing combined with stretching.

Total Duration:

34 minutes
行为的：Rowing Ergometer High-Intensity Interval Training

Warm-up:

5 minutes of low-intensity rowing at approximately 50% of maximum heart rate (HRmax).

Main Training:

24 minutes of interval training consisting of 4 sets of high-intensity rowing for 4 minutes each (85%-90% HRmax), with 2 minutes of low-intensity active recovery (50%-60% HRmax) between each set. Maintain a stroke rate of 24-30 strokes per minute (SPM) for high-intensity intervals and 18-22 SPM for recovery intervals.

Cool-down:

5 minutes of low-intensity rowing combined with stretching.

Total Duration:

34 minutes
实验性的：Combined Training Standard (CT-S)

Warm-up:

5 minutes of low-intensity activity (choose either cycling or rowing).

Rowing Machine Segment:

20 minutes at an intensity of 65%-75% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) (approximately 60%-70% of VO₂peak), with a stroke rate of 22-26 strokes per minute (SPM).

Bicycle Segment:

20 minutes at an intensity of 65%-75% of HRmax (approximately 60%-70% of VO₂peak), with a cadence of 60-80 revolutions per minute (rpm).

Cool-down:

5 minutes of stretching.

Total Duration:

50 minutes
行为的：Combined Training Standard

Warm-up:

5 minutes of low-intensity activity (choose either cycling or rowing).

Rowing Machine Segment:

20 minutes at an intensity of 65%-75% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) (approximately 60%-70% of VO₂peak), with a stroke rate of 22-26 strokes per minute (SPM).

Bicycle Segment:

20 minutes at an intensity of 65%-75% of HRmax (approximately 60%-70% of VO₂peak), with a cadence of 60-80 revolutions per minute (rpm).

Cool-down:

5 minutes of stretching.

Total Duration:

50 minutes
无干预：Control Group (CG)
Maintain usual activity levels without engaging in any structured exercise training. Daily activity levels are recorded using an accelerometer.

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
inflammatory cytokines
大体时间：1.4 weeks

IL-6 (Interleukin-6) - The first muscle factor induced by exercise, is the core molecule connecting exercise to systemic anti-inflammatory effects. IL-6 produced by skeletal muscles during exercise inhibits TNF-α and stimulates IL-1ra to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Different exercise patterns have varying regulations on IL-6, with both aerobic training and combined training significantly reducing IL-6 levels in T2DM patients.

TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha) - A key pro-inflammatory factor in insulin resistance in T2DM. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity by inhibiting the production of TNF-α. Meta-analyses confirm that exercise significantly reduces TNF-α levels in T2DM patients.

hs-CRP (High-sensitivity C-reactive protein) - A classic marker of systemic low-grade inflammation, identified as a key baseline biomarker to distinguish well-controlled T2DM patients from healthy adults.
1.4 weeks
Body Composition
大体时间：1.4 weeks
DEXA to detect body fat percentage (BF%) and skeletal muscle index (SMI)
1.4 weeks
maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max)
大体时间：1.4 weeks
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max)
1.4 weeks

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Postprandial Blood Glucose Fluctuations
大体时间：1.4 weeks
Calculate the average blood glucose values and blood glucose fluctuation coefficients (CONGA) for 2-4 hours after breakfast, lunch, and dinner by using CGM, comparing the differences before and after intervention and between groups. CONGA is defined as the standard deviation of the differences between consecutive blood glucose measurements, reflecting the amplitude of blood glucose fluctuations.
1.4 weeks
Dynamic Blood Glucose Parameters
大体时间：1.4 weeks
Time in Range (TIR): The percentage of time blood glucose is within the range of 3.9-10.0 mmol/L Time Above Range (TAR): The percentage of time blood glucose is >10.0 mmol/L Time Below Range (TBR): The percentage of time blood glucose is <3.9 mmol/L Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE) 24-hour average blood glucose Immediate post-exercise blood glucose decline and duration
1.4 weeks
Basal Metabolic Indicators
大体时间：1.4 weeks
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) 2-hour Postprandial Glucose (2hPG) Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Fasting Insulin (FINS) HOMA-IR Index Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI)
1.4 weeks
Anthropometric indicator
大体时间：1.4 weeks
Body Mass Index (BMI) = Weight (kg) / Height (m)²
1.4 weeks

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

The 95th Hospital of Putian，Putian, Fujian, China

调查人员

  • 学习椅：Rongfeng Zhu、The 95th Hospital of Putian

出版物和有用的链接

负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。

一般刊物

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (估计的)

2026年10月1日

初级完成 (估计的)

2028年10月10日

研究完成 (估计的)

2028年12月11日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年8月1日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年8月12日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年8月18日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年8月18日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年8月12日

最后验证

2026年8月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

其他相关的 MeSH 术语

其他研究编号

  • 2025-js025

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

不

IPD 计划说明

Some recruiters may object to public disclosure.

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.

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