PRECEDE-PROCEED BASED FIRST AID TRAINING: SELF-EFFICACY, SKILL AND COST ANALYSIS IN HIGH SCHOLL STUDENTS
2026年8月13日 更新者:Medine Yilmaz、Izmir Katip Celebi University
THE EFFECT OF A FIRST AID TRAINING PROGRAM DEVELOPED BASED ON THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL ON THE SELF-EFFICACY AND SKILL LEVELS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, AND A COST ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAM.
This research has two objectives.
Firstly, to determine the effect of a first aid training program, developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, on the first aid knowledge, self-efficacy, and skill levels of high school students.
Secondly, to conduct a cost analysis of the first aid training program.
This study is a randomized controlled experimental follow-up study.
The research is planned to be conducted in the Aliağa district of İzmir during the fall and spring semesters of the 2026-2027 academic year.
The study population will consist of all 10th-grade students who will be studying at the selected high school during the fall semester of the 2026-2027 academic year.
Ninth-grade students were excluded from the sample due to their school orientation process, and 11th and 12th-grade students were excluded due to academic intensity and exam anxiety related to their preparation for higher education entrance exams.
A complete enumeration method was adopted for sample selection, and all 6 classes (n=187) were included in the study.
The sample size calculation was performed based on the information that there are a total of 187 students in 6 different classes currently in 9th grade who will be entering 10th grade in the fall semester of the 2025-2026 academic year.Cluster Randomization was used to assign classes to experimental and control groups.
A ranking system was created among the classes using the random.org
digital random assignment tool.
As a result of this assignment, classes 10-E, 10-D, and 10-F, which ranked first and third respectively, were designated as the Experimental Group, while classes 10-A, 10-C, and 10-B, which ranked third, were designated as the Control Group.To protect student identities and match pre-test and post-test data, a coding system will be used: [Group Letter (D/K)] + [Class/Branch Code] + [Student Sequence/List Number] (e.g., D10B12: The 12th student in the experimental group, class 10-B).
To prevent intergroup interaction, the application is designed to be sequential.
The experimental group will be applied after all training and data collection processes for the control group are completed.
Experimental Group: Before the training, students in the experimental group will be administered a "Personal Information Form, First Aid Information Form, and First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale."
Following this, a first aid training program developed based on PRECEDE-PROCEED will be implemented in the students' classrooms.
As part of the training program, students will be individually given first aid interventions to assess their skills.
Following the training, and then one month and three months after the training, the "First Aid Knowledge Form, First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale, and First Aid Application Skills Assessment Form" will be administered, respectively.
Control Group: Students in the control group will be administered the "Personal Information Form, First Aid Knowledge Form, and First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale" before the training.
Students will be given brochures based on traditional training methods.
For application skills, video training will be conducted on the interactive whiteboard in the control group classrooms.
If interactive whiteboards are not available, video training will be conducted for all students in the control group using a projector in the conference halls.
After the video presentation, students will be given individual skill practice exercises.
Following the brochure and video training, and then one month and three months after the training, the "First Aid Knowledge Form, First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale, and First Aid Application Skills Assessment Form" will be administered, respectively.
研究概览
地位
尚未招聘
研究类型
介入性
注册 (估计的)
187
阶段
- 不适用
参与标准
研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人,称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 孩子
- 成人
接受健康志愿者
是的
描述
Participation Criteria:
- Students enrolled in the relevant high school
- Students who have received informed consent from their parents or legal guardians.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Students who have previously received certified first aid training from a professional institution
- Students with chronic orthopedic, neurological, or cardiovascular conditions that would prevent them from practicing
- Students who have recently experienced a traumatic accident or loss
- Students who have left/transferred from the school during the academic term.
学习计划
本节提供研究计划的详细信息,包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:基础科学
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:单身的
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
|
实验性的:Experiment
The experimental group will receive model-based training.
|
The experimental group will receive first aid training based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model.
|
|
实验性的:Control
The control group will be given a brochure and shown the video.
|
A video will be shown and brochures will be distributed.
|
研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
|
First Aid Knowledge Score
大体时间:Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post-training
|
Assessed using the First Aid Knowledge Form developed by the researchers based on current guidelines.
The form consists of 26 multiple-choice questions evaluating knowledge across key topics (General Safety, Musculoskeletal Injuries, Bleeding, Choking, Airway Obstruction, and Basic Life Support).
Each correct answer is awarded 1 point, with total scores ranging from 0 to 26.
Higher scores indicate greater first aid knowledge.
|
Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post-training
|
|
First Aid Self-Efficacy Score
大体时间:Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post-training
|
Assessed using the First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale (developed by Gülmez Dağ and Çapa Aydın, 2015).
The scale contains 25 items rated on a 9-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("inadequate") to 9 ("very adequate").
The overall score ranges from 25 to 225, calculated by summing all items (subscales include "Life Support First Aid Self-Efficacy" and "Basic First Aid Self-Efficacy").
Higher scores indicate a higher level of perceived self-efficacy in first aid.
|
Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post-training
|
|
First Aid Practical Skills Score
大体时间:Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post-training
|
Assessed using the First Aid Practical Skills Evaluation Form developed by the researchers.
Participants' skill performance is evaluated simultaneously and independently by two blinded first aid instructors.
Each step is scored on a 3-point scale: 0 = Not Performed/Incorrect, 1 = Partially/Incompletely Performed, and 2 = Fully and Correctly Performed.
Total scores are calculated by summing the steps evaluated, where higher scores reflect better practical skill competence.
|
Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post-training
|
合作者和调查者
在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。
调查人员
- 研究主任:Medine YILMAZ, Professor Doctor、Izmir Katip Celebi University
- 首席研究员:Kübra KABALCI, Expert、Izmir Katip Celebi University
研究记录日期
这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查,以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。
研究主要日期
学习开始 (估计的)
2026年10月5日
初级完成 (估计的)
2027年4月1日
研究完成 (估计的)
2027年12月1日
研究注册日期
首次提交
2026年8月8日
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
2026年8月13日
首次发布 (实际的)
2026年8月18日
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
2026年8月18日
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
2026年8月13日
最后验证
2026年8月1日
更多信息
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