The Effectiveness of High-intensity Laser Therapy in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 20-45 years
• Anterior hip or groin pain with an average intensity of at least 3/10 persisting for a minimum of six weeks
• Pain aggravated by prolonged sitting or hip movements involving impingement positions
• Positive flexion, adduction, and internal rotation (FADIR) test
• Radiographic evidence of cam morphology, with an alpha angle ≥60° in at least one hip

Exclusion Criteria:

• Physiotherapist-led treatment or intra-articular hip injection within the previous three months
• Previous hip, pelvic, or spinal surgery
• Planned lower-limb surgery within the following 12 months
• Moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2)
• Neurological, systemic arthritic, or other musculoskeletal conditions primarily responsible for hip pain
• Inability to complete the assessments or commit to the six-month treatment and follow-up period
• Contraindications to radiographic imaging
• Pregnancy at enrollment or during the trial
• Contraindications to high-intensity laser therapy (HILT), including known or suspected malignancy in the treatment area, photosensitivity or use of photosensitizing medications, active deep vein thrombosis, and impaired sensation in the treatment area
• Inability to comply with laser safety precautions, including the use of protective eyewear