Effects of Pilates Exercises on Doppler Parameters in Obese Females With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

The participants will receive Mediterranean diet program, for 8 weeks.

Diet aimed to restrict the intake of sweets and foods containing trans fatty acids. The participants had a maximum carbohydrate intake of less than 20%, a maximum carbohydrate intake of 100 g throughout the day and an increased intake of protein and fat. Participants were advised to consume whole grain as a staple food, a high intake of extra virgin olive oil, vegetables (including green leafy vegetables, fruit, cereals, nuts, and legumes), moderate intake of fish and other meat, dairy products, and a low intake of eggs

The participants will receive the same Mediterranean diet program, in addition to Pilates exercises, three times per week, for 8 weeks.

Diet aimed to restrict the intake of sweets and foods containing trans fatty acids. The participants had a maximum carbohydrate intake of less than 20%, a maximum carbohydrate intake of 100 g throughout the day and an increased intake of protein and fat. Participants were advised to consume whole grain as a staple food, a high intake of extra virgin olive oil, vegetables (including green leafy vegetables, fruit, cereals, nuts, and legumes), moderate intake of fish and other meat, dairy products, and a low intake of eggs

It includes 5 Pilates exercises including bridge marching exercise, single-leg circles exercise, rolling like a ball exercise, plank to pike exercise, and side kneeling circles. The exercises will be performed 3 times per week for 8 weeks.

Body weight will be measured by weight scale (kilograms) for all participants before and after treatment

The height will be measured by height scale in meters for all participants before and after treatment

Weight-height scale will be used to measure body weight and height of each female in both groups before and after the end of treatment procedures to calculate body mass index.

Tape measurement will be used to measure circumference of waist and hip for all participated females in both groups before and after the end of treatment procedures to calculate Waist-hip ratio.

The colour Doppler ultrasound will be used to measure peak systolic velocity (PSV). PSV reflects the extent of vascular filling and blood supply.

The colour Doppler ultrasound will be used to measure the end-diastolic velocity (EDV). EDV reflects the blood perfusion situation of the distal tissue and numerical drop shows shortage of distal blood supply.

The Colour Doppler ultrasound will be used to measure the resistance index (RI). RI will be calculated as difference between Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) divided by Peak systolic velocity (PSV). RI reflects impedance to blood flow, and lower values of RI and PI indicate higher blood flow.

The Colour Doppler ultrasound will be used to measure the Pulsatility index (PI). PI will be calculated as the difference between Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) divided by the mean maximum flow velocity. PI reflects impedance to blood flow, and lower values of RI and PI indicate higher blood flow.

The ovarian volume will be measured by the ultrasonography. it is one of the diagnostic criteria of polycystic ovarian syndrome (more than 10 ml).

It will be used to evaluate health-related quality of life for each participants in both groups before and after the treatment course. It is a 36 item-scale which covers two categories: physical component summary and mental component summary. Each item falls on a 0-100 scale. Higher values indicate better health.