Correlation of Plasma Endothelial Cell Activity With Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

June 26, 2014 updated by: US Department of Veterans Affairs

CSP #465B - Correlation of Plasma Endothelial Cell (Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor) Activity With Cardiovascular Events In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

CSP 465-B, Correlation of Plasma Endothelial Cell (Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor) Activity With Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Type II.

Mark Zimering M.D.

Objectives: Endothelial cell dysfunction plays a role in the development of the atherosclerotic vascular lesion and it is also thought to provide a mechanism for increased urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Micro- or macroalbuminuria are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In at least one longitudinal study in older-age onset patients, micro-or macroalbuminuria robustly predicted increased CV risk independent of other diabetes-related factors.1 The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying a significant association between micro- or macroalbuminuria and CV risk in diabetes mellitus are not known but may include: growth factors, clotting factors, lipids, or hemodynamic factors. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether an angiogenic growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), plays a role in increased CV risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research Plan: BFGF (FGF-2) is one of the most potent known angiogenesis factors. Increased bFGF was previously associated with both endothelial cell injury and micro- or macroalbuminuria. In a prior study of 73 older-age onset veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (JCEM, 1996), we found plasma endothelial cell (bFGF) activity was significantly associated with glycemic levels, and (in multiple regression analysis) independently associated with both microalbuminuria and retinopathy. We will test whether plasma endothelial cell (bFGF) activity is significantly, independently associated with a pooled endpoint of cardiovascular events that includes myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization, congestive heart failure (CHF), or CV mortality. We expect that increased bFGF may itself be a robust marker for increased CV risk in diabetes mellitus for three reasons. First, because bFGF was independently associated with (micro)-albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Second, because increased bFGF was associated with increased activity in the renin-angiotensin system in vascular smooth muscle cells (Dzau, et al. JCI, 1995). And third, because (as we reported) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) drugs substantially decreased plasma bFGF levels in (micro)- albuminuric diabetes mellitus type 2, and (as others reported) ACEi drugs substantially reduced the risk of development of CHF in patients with LVH 2, the risk of mortality after MI (8,9), and the risk of CV death in diabetic patients with proteinuria.

Because plasma endothelial cell (bFGF) activity correlated significantly with glycemic levels in diabetes mellitus type 2, plasma bFGF may be one of the pathogenetic links between glycemic levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes mellitus, type 2.

Methods: Blood (3 mL EDTA plasma) will be collected from each subject in Years 1, and 2 of the Study at each of 6 local participating VA substudy sites. Because plasma endothelial cell (bFGF-like) bioactivity and bFGFR-IR in vivo are stable for months and years based on our prior published studies (1-3), we anticipate that obtaining 2 specimens, 1 each in Years 1, 2 of the study, will provide sufficient data to model proportional risk.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Primary Hypothesis: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether an angiogenic growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), plays a role in increased CV risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Secondary Hypotheses:

Primary Outcomes: cardiovascular morbidity and mortality

Study Abstract:

CSP 465-B, Correlation of Plasma Endothelial Cell (Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor) Activity With Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Type II.

Mark Zimering M.D.

Objectives: Endothelial cell dysfunction plays a role in the development of the atherosclerotic vascular lesion and it is also thought to provide a mechanism for increased urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Micro- or macroalbuminuria are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In at least one longitudinal study in older-age onset patients, micro-or macroalbuminuria robustly predicted increased CV risk independent of other diabetes-related factors.1 The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying a significant association between micro- or macroalbuminuria and CV risk in diabetes mellitus are not known but may include: growth factors, clotting factors, lipids, or hemodynamic factors. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether an angiogenic growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), plays a role in increased CV risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research Plan: BFGF (FGF-2) is one of the most potent known angiogenesis factors. Increased bFGF was previously associated with both endothelial cell injury and micro- or macroalbuminuria. In a prior study of 73 older-age onset veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (JCEM, 1996), we found plasma endothelial cell (bFGF) activity was significantly associated with glycemic levels, and (in multiple regression analysis) independently associated with both microalbuminuria and retinopathy. We will test whether plasma endothelial cell (bFGF) activity is significantly, independently associated with a pooled endpoint of cardiovascular events that includes myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization, congestive heart failure (CHF), or CV mortality. We expect that increased bFGF may itself be a robust marker for increased CV risk in diabetes mellitus for three reasons. First, because bFGF was independently associated with (micro)-albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Second, because increased bFGF was associated with increased activity in the renin-angiotensin system in vascular smooth muscle cells (Dzau, et al. JCI, 1995). And third, because (as we reported) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) drugs substantially decreased plasma bFGF levels in (micro)- albuminuric diabetes mellitus type 2, and (as others reported) ACEi drugs substantially reduced the risk of development of CHF in patients with LVH 2, the risk of mortality after MI (8,9), and the risk of CV death in diabetic patients with proteinuria.

Because plasma endothelial cell (bFGF) activity correlated significantly with glycemic levels in diabetes mellitus type 2, plasma bFGF may be one of the pathogenetic links between glycemic levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes mellitus, type 2.

Methods: Blood (3 mL EDTA plasma) will be collected from each subject in Years 1, and 2 of the Study at each of 6 local participating VA substudy sites. Because plasma endothelial cell (bFGF-like) bioactivity and bFGFR-IR in vivo are stable for months and years based on our prior published studies (1-3), we anticipate that obtaining 2 specimens, 1 each in Years 1, 2 of the study, will provide sufficient data to model proportional risk.

Results: One hundred and five first cardiovascular events occurred in these 399 subjects.

The best fit model of risk factors associated with the time to first CVD occurrence (in the study) over a seven and one-half year period had as significant predictors: prior cardiovascular event [hazard ratio (HR) 3.378; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.079-3.807; P <0.0001), baseline plasma bFGF (HR 1.008; 95% CI 1.002-1.014; P D0.01), age (HR 1.027; 95% CI 1.004-1.051; P D0.019), baseline plasma triglycerides (HR 1.001; 95% CI 1.000-1.002; P D0.02), and diabetes duration-treatment interaction (P D0.03). Intensive glucose-lowering was associated with significantly decreased hazard ratios for CVD occurrence (0.38-0.63) in patients with known diabetes duration of 0-10 years, and nonsignificantly increased hazard ratios for CVD occurrence (0.82-1.78) in patients with longer diabetes duration. Conclusion: High level of plasma bFGF is a predictive biomarker of future CVD occurrence in this population of adult type 2 diabetes.

In conclusion, the present findings suggest that baseline plasma bFGF may be a marker of CVD risk in adult male veterans with type2 diabetes. These results suggest that increased plasma bFGF drive cell proliferation and be involved in the mechanism for increased CVD occurrence in older adults with advanced type2 diabetes mellitus.

Main Manuscript: Basic fibroblast growth factor predicts cardiovascular disease occurrence in participants from the veterans affairs diabetes trial.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

400

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Arizona
      • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85012
        • Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center
    • California
      • Long Beach, California, United States, 90822
        • VA Medical Center, Long Beach
    • Florida
      • Miami, Florida, United States, 33125
        • Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL
    • Nebraska
      • Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68105-1873
        • VA Medical Center, Omaha
    • New Jersey
      • East Orange, New Jersey, United States, 07018
        • VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange
    • Texas
      • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229
        • VA South Texas Health Care System, San Antonio
    • Virginia
      • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23249
        • Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

40 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

This is an observational study of patients who are enrolled in the ongoing randomized clinical trial AGlycemic Control and Complications in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2@.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with type 2 DM who are no longer responsive to maximum dose of one or more oral agents.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Not a part of the VADT.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Group 1
This is an observational study of patients who are enrolled in the ongoing randomized clinical trial AGlycemic Control and Complications in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2@.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
The primary outcome measures are cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Time Frame: End of study.
End of study.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

US Department of Veterans Affairs

Collaborators

American Diabetes Association

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Carlos Abraira, MD, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

June 1, 2007

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2008

Study Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2008

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 9, 2005

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 9, 2005

First Posted (Estimate)

November 11, 2005

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

June 27, 2014

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 26, 2014

Last Verified

June 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 465B

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