LBH589 Plus Decitabine for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

A Phase I/II Study of LBH589 Plus Decitabine for Patients Age ≥ 60 Years With High Risk MDS or AML

This study is designed to evaluate the combination of LBH589 and decitabine in patients age ≥ 60 years with high risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (IPSS Int-2 or High) or Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Decitabine; Drug: LBH589

Detailed Description

To address the need for less toxic, more effective treatments for older patients with advanced MDS and AML, the purpose of this Phase 1-2 single institution study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LBH 589 and decitabine administered in combination.

Decitabine is an epigenetic modifier of gene expression that has been shown to be well-tolerated in this population at the dose schedule proposed in this study, with reasonable efficacy. Although its precise mechanism of action is incompletely understood, it is postulated to work by reactivating the expression of key tumor suppressor genes silenced in tumor cells by reversing a pattern of hypermethylation of promotor elements.

LBH389 is likewise an epigenetic modifier that inhibits the deacetylation of both histones and non-histone proteins, including HSP90 and p53. Although clinical experience with LBH589 in AML is limited, aberrant histone deacetylase activity has been previously shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AML. The addition of LBH589 to a decitabine regimen of previously established efficacy and tolerability will allow us to evaluate the hypothesis that two epigenetic modifiers that are believed to work through distinct mechanisms of action may act together to improve the responses of patients treated with decitabine alone, without significant additional toxicity.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 52
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Missouri
    • St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Washington University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• AML (except t(15;17), inv(16) or t(8;21) and variants) or high risk MDS (IPSS Int-2 or High) diagnosed according to WHO criteria (see Appendix 1)
• Age ≥ 60 years old
• Not a candidate for allogeneic stem cell transplantation within next 12 weeks
• Ability to provide written informed consent, obtained prior to participation in the study and any related procedures being performed
• Patients must meet the following laboratory criteria:
• Serum albumin ≥ 3 g/dL
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/SGOT and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/SGPT ≤ 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) ) or ≤ 5.0 x ULN if the transaminase elevation is due to leukemic involvement
• Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN
• Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or 24-hour creatinine clearance ≥ 50 ml/min
• Serum potassium ≥ lower limit of normal (LLN)
• Serum phosphorus ≥ LLN
• Serum total calcium (corrected for serum albumin) or serum ionized calcium ≥ LLN
• Serum magnesium ≥ LLN, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) within normal limits (WNL) (patients may be on thyroid hormone replacement)
• Baseline MUGA or ECHO must demonstrate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ the lower limit of the institutional normal.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of ≤ 2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior treatment for MDS / AML with Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor or hypomethylating agent (e.g., Decitabine, azacitidine etc.)
• Active central nervous system (CNS) involvement with MDS/AML
• Impaired cardiac function including any one of the following:
• Screening electrocardiogram (ECG) with a QTc > 450 msec confirmed by central laboratory prior to enrollment to the study
• Patients with congenital long QT syndrome
• History of sustained ventricular tachycardia
• Any history of ventricular fibrillation or torsades de pointes
• Bradycardia defined as heart rate < 50 beats per minute. Patients with a pacemaker and heart rate ≥ 50 beats per minute are eligible.
• Patients with a myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months of study entry
• Congestive heart failure (NY Heart Association class III or IV)
• Right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock (bifasicular block)
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Concomitant use of drugs with a risk of causing torsades de pointes
• Patients with unresolved diarrhea > CTCAE grade 1
• Impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function or GI disease that may significantly alter the absorption of oral LBH589
• Other concurrent severe and/or uncontrolled medical conditions
• Patients who have received chemotherapy or any investigational drug < 2 weeks or hydroxyurea < 48 hours prior to starting study drug or who have not recovered from side effects of such therapy.
• Concomitant use of any anti-cancer therapy or radiation therapy
• Male patients whose sexual partners are women of child bearing potential (WOCBP) not using effective birth control
• Patients with known positivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C; baseline testing for HIV and hepatitis C is not required
• Patients with any significant history of non-compliance to medical regimens or with inability to grant a reliable informed consent
• Patients who will need valproic acid for any medical condition during the study or within 5 days prior to first LBH589 treatment
• Patients who have received targeted agents within 2 weeks or within 5 half-lives of the agent and active metabolites (whichever is longer) and who have not recovered from side effects of those therapies
• Patients who have undergone major surgery ≤ 4 weeks prior to starting study drug or who have not recovered from side effects of such therapy.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

7

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Level 1; LBH589 10 mg/day three times a week on nonconsecutive days in a 28 day cycle. Decitabine 20 mg/m^2 IV on days 1-5 in a 28 day cycle.	Drug: Decitabine; Other Names: Dacogen; 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; Drug: LBH589; Other Names: Panobinostat
Experimental: Level 2; LBH589 15 mg/day three times a week on nonconsecutive days in a 28 day cycle. Decitabine 20 mg/m^2 IV on days 1-5 in a 28 day cycle.	Drug: Decitabine; Other Names: Dacogen; 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; Drug: LBH589; Other Names: Panobinostat
Experimental: Level 3; LBH589 20 mg/day three times a week on nonconsecutive days in a 28 day cycle. Decitabine 20 mg/m^2 IV on days 1-5 in a 28 day cycle.	Drug: Decitabine; Other Names: Dacogen; 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; Drug: LBH589; Other Names: Panobinostat
Experimental: Level 4; LBH589 30 mg/day three times a week on nonconsecutive days in a 28 day cycle. Decitabine 20 mg/m^2 IV on days 1-5 in a 28 day cycle.	Drug: Decitabine; Other Names: Dacogen; 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; Drug: LBH589; Other Names: Panobinostat
Experimental: Level 5; LBH589 40 mg/day three times a week on nonconsecutive days in a 28 day cycle. Decitabine 20 mg/m^2 IV on days 1-5 in a 28 day cycle.	Drug: Decitabine; Other Names: Dacogen; 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; Drug: LBH589; Other Names: Panobinostat
Experimental: Level 5B; LBH589 40 mg/day three times a week on nonconsecutive days for the first 2 weeks in a 28 day cycle. Decitabine 20 mg/m^2 IV on days 1-5 in a 28 day cycle.	Drug: Decitabine; Other Names: Dacogen; 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; Drug: LBH589; Other Names: Panobinostat
Experimental: Phase II; LBH589 will be given in the dose and in the schedule that was found to work in the Phase I portion which was Level 5B. Decitabine 20 mg/m^2 IV on days 1-5 in a 28 day cycle.	Drug: Decitabine; Other Names: Dacogen; 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; Drug: LBH589; Other Names: Panobinostat

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of LBH589 When Given in Combination With Decitabine		Completion of Phase I enrollment for MTD (approximately 26 months)
Phase II: Overall Rate of Morphologic Complete Remission (CR) + Cytogenetic Complete Remission (CRc) + Morphologic Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi)	Morphologic complete remission (CR). A CR designation requires that the patient achieve the morphologic leukemia-free state with less than 5% blasts in an aspirate sample with marrow spicules and with a count of at least 200 nucleated cells. There should be no blasts with Auer rods or persistence of extramedullary disease. Patients must also have an absolute neutrophil count of more than 1,000/μLand platelets of 100,000/μL.; Cytogenetic complete remission (CRc). A CRc will be defined by the achievement of a CR with reversion to a normal karyotype in a minimum of 20 metaphases analyzed by cytogenetics.; Morphologic complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): Achievement of all of the criteria for CR except for residual neutropenia (< 1,000/μL) or thrombocytopenia (< 100,000/μL).	Up to 12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rate of Cytogenetic Complete Remission (CRc)	Cytogenetic complete remission (CRc). A CRc will be defined by the achievement of a CR with reversion to a normal karyotype in a minimum of 20 metaphases analyzed by cytogenetics.	Up to 12 months
Changes in Quality of Life Scores as Measured by the Function Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukemia (FACT-Leu) Version 4	-The FACT-Leu consists of a 27-item compilation of general questions divided into four primary quality of life domains: physical well-being, social/family well being, emotional well-being, and functional well-being along with a 17 item subscale developed specifically for patients with leukemia.	Up to approximately 12 months after start of treatment
Time to Response	Time to response is defined as the date of the first dose of study drug to the date that all criteria for CR or CRi are fulfilled.	Up to 12 months
Safety and Tolerability of Regimen as Measured by the Rate of the Most Common Adverse Events Experienced	Adverse events will be assessed according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0.	Up to 13 months after start of treatment
Remission Duration	Defined as the first date that all criteria for CR, CRi or HI are fulfilled to the date of treatment failure, relapse from CR, or death due to any cause.	Completion of follow-up (median follow-up was 58 months)
Progression-free Survival		Completion of follow-up (median follow-up was 58 months)
Event-free Survival	Event-free survival is defined as the interval from the date of first dose of study drug to date of treatment failure, relapse from CR, or death due to any cause.	Completion of follow-up (median follow-up was 58 months)
Overall Survival	Overall survival is defined as the date of first dose of study drug to the date of death from any cause.	Completion of follow-up (median follow-up was 58 months)
Rates of Morphologic Complete Remission With Incomplete Count Recovery (CRi)	Morphologic complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): Achievement of all of the criteria for CR except for residual neutropenia (< 1,000/μL) or thrombocytopenia (< 100,000/μL).	Up to 12 months
Rate of Hematologic Improvement.	-Hematologic improvement (HI). Includes the following categories: Erythroid response: Hemoglobin increase by ≥ 1.5 g/dL over baseline in which the pretreatment hemoglobin is < 11 g/dL or reduction of RBC transfusions of at least 4 RBC transfusions / 8 wk compared with the pretreatment transfusion number in the previous 8 weeks.; Platelet response. Absolute increase of > 30 x 10^9/L for patients starting with 20 x 10^9/L or increase from < 20 x 10^9/L to > 20 x 109/L and by at least 100%; Neutrophil response. At least 100% increase and an absolute increase > 0.5 x 109/L for patients with pretreatment neutrophils < 1.0 x 109/L)	Up to 12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Washington University School of Medicine
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Geoffrey Uy, M.D., Washington Univerisity

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cashen, A., G. J. Schiller, et al. (2006). Phase II Study of Low-Dose Decitabine for the Front-Line Treatment of Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 108(11): 1984.
• Uy GL, Duncavage EJ, Chang GS, Jacoby MA, Miller CA, Shao J, Heath S, Elliott K, Reineck T, Fulton RS, Fronick CC, O'Laughlin M, Ganel L, Abboud CN, Cashen AF, DiPersio JF, Wilson RK, Link DC, Welch JS, Ley TJ, Graubert TA, Westervelt P, Walter MJ. Dynamic changes in the clonal structure of MDS and AML in response to epigenetic therapy. Leukemia. 2017 Apr;31(4):872-881. doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.282. Epub 2016 Oct 14.

Helpful Links

• Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 4, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 5, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): June 6, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): October 13, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 18, 2016
• Last Verified: August 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Decitabine; hypomethylation; LBH589; panobinostat; methylation; histone deacetylase
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Disease; Bone Marrow Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Precancerous Conditions; Syndrome; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Preleukemia; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Decitabine; Panobinostat
• Other Study ID Numbers: 08-0172 / 201012979