Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Vermillion's Blood Test to Predict the Probability of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD-001)

Purpose

This study is to verify and validate PAD1 as a qualitative serum test which will combine the results of multiple assays into a single numeric result, to be determined by evaluation of the study data.

PAD1 is an automated software device (PADCalc) that incorporates specific and multiple biomarker values found in human blood, and generates a score (PAD1 score) using a fixed formula implemented within the PADCalc software. The PAD1 score is a result with a high or low probability of PAD.

PAD1 will be submitted to FDA as a 510(k) for in vitro diagnostic use in conjunction with clinical assessment, based on factors such as age, diabetes, smoking, and vascular laboratory tests (including the ABI), as an aid towards further evaluation of patients who meet the enrollment eligilbility criteria.

Eligibility It is indicated for women and men considered at risk for PAD who meet the following criteria: a history of smoking and/or diabetes and are age 50 years or older, or 70 years of age or older. PAD1 is an aid to further assess the likelihood of the presence of PAD when used in conjunction with clinical assessment and vascular laboratory tests.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Peripheral Artery Disease

Detailed Description

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 8 to 12 million individuals in the United States and is also prevalent in Europe and Asia. A regional pilot study of community screening for PAD demonstrated that patient awareness of a PAD diagnosis was low, and was associated with atherosclerosis risk factors, antiplatelet therapy, and claudication treatment intensity. PAD has not emerged as a focus of public health efforts to improve quality of life, nor to decrease the associated cardiovascular ischemic risk. Smoking, diabetes, and age are the strongest risk factors for PAD. Smokers have a 2 to 6-fold increased likelihood of having PAD, and the risk of PAD increases in a dose-dependent manner with the duration and amount of smoking. Diabetes confers a 2 to 4-fold increased risk of having PAD. The prevalence of PAD increases as a function of age. Criqui et al showed that the prevalence of PAD in individuals under 60 years of age was about 2.5%, whereas the prevalence increased to over 20% in individuals over 75 years of age.

A study in smokers and diabetics 50 years of age or older, and in all those 70 years of age or older, identified in an outpatient, primary care clinic setting has shown that the prevalence is 29%. About half of the cases found were newly-identified PAD patients. Further, while 83% of those with a prior diagnosis of PAD were aware of their condition, only 49% of the primary-care physicians were aware that their patients had a diagnosis of PAD. Another study examined internal medicine physicians' approaches to PAD and found that only 37% reported taking histories for claudication, and only 26% evaluated the foot for ulcers.

PAD is as prevalent in women as in men. When symptomatic, PAD causes limb discomfort, tiredness, heaviness, cramping, or pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest (i.e., intermittent claudication) and reduces functional capacity and quality of life. Classic claudication is only noted by 10-30% of patients and atypical leg discomfort occurs in 20-40%. Up to 50% of patients are asymptomatic. PAD1 is an in vitro diagnostic that provides a PAD1 score derived from multiple biomarkers in human plasma, serum, or whole blood, which predicts a low or high probability of the presence of PAD in patients at risk for PAD. A positive PAD1 score(above the cutoff), indicating a higher risk for PAD than expected in the general population, would then guide the physician to more aggressively determine the presence of PAD.

The preliminary studies have shown an association of four proposed biomarkers with ABI, and have demonstrated the construction of a PAD risk algorithm. This study is powered to test each of the four biomarkers and their interactions and develop the PAD1 risk score in the intended use population.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 1033

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Mobile, Alabama, United States, 36608
      • Coastal Clinical Research
  • California
    • Santa Ana, California, United States, 92705
      • Apex Research Institute
    • Santa Rosa, California, United States, 95405
      • Radiant Research
  • Florida
    • Clearwater, Florida, United States, 33761
      • Tampa Bay Medical Research, Inc.
  • Missouri
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64114
      • Center for Pharmaceutical Research
  • New Mexico
    • Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87108
      • Lovelace Scientific Research
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43212
      • Radiant Research
  • Rhode Island
    • Warwick, Rhode Island, United States, 02886
      • Omega Clinical Research
  • Texas
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229
      • Clinical Trials of Texas, Inc.
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23294
      • National Clinical Research, Inc.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Subjects that meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria from 10 primary care sites.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Subject is one or more of the following:

• ≥50 years old and subject-reported current or former history (<10 years) of smoking for a minimum of 10 pack years.
• ≥50 years old and history of type 2 diabetes (meeting American Diabetes Association criteria) as documented in the medical record, or use of diabetes medications or diabetes-specific diet.
• ≥70 years old. 2. Subject provides written informed consent to participate in this study. 3. Subject agrees to de-identified biorepository storage of own processed blood sample for future testing.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Significant hepatic or renal insufficiency, including either of the following:

   • Renal insufficiency or renal failure within the past 6 months, or creatinine >2.5 mg/dL within the past 6 months (if results available), or currently on dialysis.
   • Severe liver disease or any chronic hepatitis within the past 6 months, or AST and ALT >3xULN (upper limit of normal), or bilirubin >2xULN within the past 6 months (if results available).
2. Active viral or bacterial infection or subject is currently taking an antibiotic or antiviral agent.
3. Active inflammatory condition requiring treatment with systemic steroids or immune modulating therapy within the past 6 months.
4. Active malignancy that requires active anti-neoplastic therapy (stable basal cell skin cancer is allowed; cancer being treated solely with hormonal therapy is allowed).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Only
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
PAD1 will identify individuals with a higher risk of PAD.	PAD1 will identify individuals with a higher risk of PAD in an at-risk population of individuals 70 years of age or older, or smokers and/or diabetics 50 years of age or older.	1 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
To demonstrate that PAD1 has predictive value for PAD when used as a combination result.	To demonstrate that PAD1 has predictive value for PAD in combination with: The Framingham Risk Score; The 5-Symptom Questionnaire for prediction of PAD (5-Q Sx)	1 month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Vermillion, Inc.
• Investigators: Study Director: Eric T Fung, MD. PhD., Vermillion, Inc.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 6, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 14, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): April 15, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): December 17, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 16, 2013
• Last Verified: December 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: PAD; Peripheral Artery Disease
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: PAD-001